Insertion of Polypyrrole Chains into Montmorillonite Galleries by a Solvent‐Free Mechanochemical Route

Abstract

Summary: Non‐ionic pyrrole was directly intercalated into unmodified montmorillonite (MMT) and organically modified MMT galleries by adsorption, and subsequently polymerized within the interlamellar spaces by a mechanochemical route under solvent‐free conditions. XRD analysis revealed the successful intercalation of pyrrole into unmodified MMT and organically modified MMT clay galleries by mechanochemical grinding. After in situ polymerization, the XRD and FT‐IR analyses confirmed the insertion of polypyrrole chains between both MMT galleries.X‐ray powder diffraction patterns of (A) pyrrole‐intercalated MMT and (B) pyrrole‐intercalated C18‐MMT.imageX‐ray powder diffraction patterns of (A) pyrrole‐intercalated MMT and (B) pyrrole‐intercalated C18‐MMT.

Characterization and thermal degradation studies on polyaniline‐intercalated montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared by a solvent‐free mechanochemical route

“…When pyrrole molecules were intercalated via the same route, the decrease in the basal spacing was observed with time and accordingly the basal spacing finally reached a constant value of 1.25 nm after 60 min, the basal spacing of which is just equal to that of MMT itself before intercalation of pyrrole 30. However, it should be noted that the basal spacings for aniline‐intercalated MMTs hardly changed for 24 h after intercalation of aniline.…”

“…It should be emphasized that this reaction is an environmentally benign process using no solvents and is undoubtedly one of the most suitable techniques for industrialization. More recently, we have also investigated the insertion of PPy chains into clay nanolayers by a solvent‐free mechanochemical route 30. The emulsion pathway15, 25 or electropolymerization method18, 19 has been employed to introduce PPy chains into the clay galleries, since nonionic pyrrole cannot be intercalated by a cation exchange.…”

Effect of the intercalated cation on the properties of poly(o-methylaniline)/maghnite clay nanocomposites

“…Composites of several conducting polymers with montmorillonite were synthesized under different conditions [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Temperini et al monitored the polymerization of aniline, intercalated into sodium-montmorillonite; they found differences between the structure of the polymer in the nanocomposite and bulk PANI [14,18].…”

Characteristics of mechanochemically prepared host–guest hybrid nanocomposites of vanadium oxide and conducting polymers

“…Recently the possibility of solid state synthesis of guest-host hybrid nanocomposites as a result of mechanochemical reaction was shown [63][64][65][66][67][68][69]. Mechanochemical methods possess several advantages: they are ecologically clean, sufficiently cheap and simple, and have fairly high productivity [70,71].…”