Insertion of sulfur-containing functional groups into polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) by low pressure plasma treatment

Approaches to Poly(Tetrafluoroethylene) Adhesive Bonding

“…Although typical absorption bands of C=O and C=C groups (around 1760 and 1690 cm À1 , respectively) were not observed in the infrared spectra, EDX results showed the existence of a small quantity of oxygen (approximately 5 wt%) in the oxidised and plasma treated surfaces, as could be expected. The absence of this absorption band was attributed to the existence of carbonyl functionalities only on the outer surface layers, as other authors have reported [15]. Pull-off tests (Fig.…”

Sulfur dioxide Plasma Treatment of the Clay (Laponite) Particles

“…The surface modification techniques which can transform polymer materials into highly finished products have become an important part of the plastics and many other industries [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Many advances have been made recently in developing surface treatments to alter the chemical and physical properties of the materials surfaces without affecting bulk properties [1][2][3][7][8][9][10].…”

“…Many advances have been made recently in developing surface treatments to alter the chemical and physical properties of the materials surfaces without affecting bulk properties [1][2][3][7][8][9][10]. Common surface modification techniques include treatments by flame, corona, plasma, photons, electron beam, ion beam, X-rays, and c-rays.…”

“…Different species which are present in plasma induce formation of free radicals in polymer chains and, thus, it is possible to insert or interlock certain functional groups on the polymer surface. This will have a positive effect on the functionalization or activation of the polymer surface [2,3,12] and will improve surface adhesion properties. The scope of possible applications of plasma treatment is constantly expanding and covers various fields including surface cleaning, sterilisation and functionalisation, adhesion improvement, sputtering and deposition, polymerization.…”

“…Although there is a number of sulfonating agents in use like sulphuric acid, fuming sulphuric acid (oleum, SO 3 ) [15], acetyl sulphate, 1,3-propane sultone [10,12], chlorosulfonic acid, sodium sulphate [16,17], styrene sulfonic acid [12,18] and so on, the process of sulfonation using SO 2 as plasma process gas has not been sufficiently studied yet. But a few studies which can be found in the literature on this subject show quite promising results [2,3,9,10,19]. Lin et al have found that the inner surface of the small diameter polyethylene tubing is uniformly modified by SO 2 plasma surface modification [2].…”