Inside Humans: Creating a Simple Layered Anatomical Model from Human Surface Scans

Abstract

3D morphable models are widely used to describe the variation of human body shapes. However, these models typically focus on the surface of the human body, since the acquisition of the volumetric interior would require prohibitive medical imaging. In this paper we present a novel approach for creating a volumetric body template and for fitting this template to the surface scan of a person in a just a few seconds. The body model is composed of three surface layers for bones, muscles, and skin, which enclose the volumetric muscle and fat tissue in between them. Our approach includes a data-driven method for estimating the amount of muscle mass and fat mass from a surface scan, which provides more accurate fits to the variety of human body shapes compared to previous approaches. We also show how to efficiently embed fine-scale anatomical details, such as high resolution skeleton and muscle models, into the layered fit of a person. Our model can be used for physical simulation, statistical analysis, and anatomical visualization in computer animation and medical applications, which we demonstrate on several examples.

Resize Me! Exploring the user experience of embodied realistic modulatable avatars for body image intervention in virtual reality

“…As seen in Figure 3, this still produces plausible results while avoiding undesirable changes in face identity. For future work, weight modification models should incorporate information about the underlying bone and muscle structure (Achenbach et al, 2018;Komaritzan et al, 2021) in order to more accurately model changes in soft tissue thickness.…”

TailorMe: Self‐Supervised Learning of an Anatomically Constrained Volumetric Human Shape Model

“…Anatomy Transfer [DLG*13] is a method for warping an anatomical template model into a target skin surface via a harmonic space warp while constraining bones to only deform via affine transformations. This can however lead to unnaturally scaled or sheared bones, as discussed in other work [KIL*16; KWB21].…”

“…Once an intersection‐free pair ( ℬ, 𝒮 ) is generated, we embed the high‐resolution skeleton mesh 𝒮𝒦 by following Komaritzan et al [KWB21], i.e., using a space warp based on triharmonic radial basis functions [BK05]. The matrix of the involved linear system depends on the template skeleton only and hence can be prefactorized.…”

Emergence of 3D body model-based infant health evaluation: a review

“…3D body models facilitate growth and development assessment by generating accurate measurements and tracking changes over time, enabling early detection and intervention for potential issues, such as cranial deformation 36 . Moreover, these models aid diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions by simulating internal organs 37 , thus enhancing visualization and comprehension of conditions like congenital heart defects and contributing to improved surgical planning and outcomes. Evaluating infant nutrition can also benefit from 3D body models, as they allow precise body composition assessment and identification of potential dietary issues, facilitating personalized nutrition plans.…”

“…Visualizing an infant's body shape using 3D body models enables doctors and parents to pinpoint potential abnormalities and deviations. For instance, assessing an infant's spine through 3D body models can help detect scoliosis 37 (Fig. 2).…”