Insight into the nondestructive performance evaluation of fiber‐reinforced polymer composite laminate immersed in produced water using embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor

Abstract

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are exposed to various corrosive media during their service life, which adversely affects their material properties. Here, a novel approach is developed to investigate the long-term performance of glass FRP composite laminate immersed in produced water generated in oil fields. This is achieved by monitoring the internal hygroscopic strain developed over the aging time using embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor. Composite material strength reduction over the immersion time is evaluated by conducting destructive mechanical tests at regular intervals, and the mechanism of property degradation is established. It is observed that property degradation follows first-order kinetics and absorption of produced water medium obeys dual-sorption diffusion kinetics. Moreover, the strain developed within the composite laminate is formulated by considering the unified influence of swelling and chemical degradation. The predicted strain closely interprets the experimentally recorded strain. This work proves that the strain measurement is an effective nondestructive technique to estimate the property of FRP composite laminates on a real-time basis.

In‐line residual strain monitoring for thermoplastic automated tape layup using fiber Bragg grating sensors

“…There are many types of FOS, fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), being one of them, have found extensive use in literature for strain monitoring and are therefore selected for the present research. Recently, embedded FBG sensors have shown the capability to measure strain developed by hygroscopic aging, [38] environmental effects on strain can therefore also be monitored. Regarding SHM, studies found in literature [39,40] can be used for validating the results.…”

Influence of processing parameters on the resin pocket geometry of smart composites embedded with Fiber Bragg Grating sensor and its fast prediction

“…Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, known for their small size and weight, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and resistance to corrosion, 2,3 are one of the preferred sensors used in smart composites. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Figure 1 presents one instance of the potential application of smart composites embedded with FBG sensors used in the intelligent wing skin, which enables online monitoring of deformation and damage. 11 In addition, FBG sensors are also increasingly applied in the space domain.…”

“…With the application of these smart composites, real‐time monitoring of the health state of aircraft can be achieved, leading to its enhanced safety and reliability. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, known for their small size and weight, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and resistance to corrosion, 2,3 are one of the preferred sensors used in smart composites 4–10 . Figure 1 presents one instance of the potential application of smart composites embedded with FBG sensors used in the intelligent wing skin, which enables online monitoring of deformation and damage 11 …”

Monitoring and verification of micro‐strain generated inside the laminate subjected to thermal loading through fiber bragg grating sensors and classical laminate theory

“…Similarly, in another study, FBG sensors monitor the health of a composite structure bonded on the metallic substrate. [ 20 ] Mohanta et al [ 21 ] used an embedded FBG sensor to monitor the long‐term degradation of epoxy–glass composite in corrosive water. It is found that the long‐term stability can be effectively monitored by tracking the hygrothermal strain developed on the specimens immersed in corrosive produced waters.…”