Insights and Strategies for an Autonomous Vehicle With a Sensor Fusion Innovation: A Fictional Outlook

Abstract

A few decades ago, the idea of a car driving without human assistance was something inconceivable. With the advent of deep learning-based machine learning in artificial intelligence, this imaginary idea has become part of our life. Like in other fields, these technological revolutions have brought drastic changes to the field of automated driving systems. The autonomous vehicle is in the transition state between level 3 and level 4 of automation, but many mysteries are still waiting to be solved. Understanding the environment as precisely as a human driver is still far in the future. To attain human perception requires the capturing of extensive surrounding information that depends on the onboard sensors installed on the vehicle. Because the recent autonomous vehicle is equipped with several sensors, it captures surrounding information in diverse forms. Combining these multi-domain data with sensor fusion is the open area of research that is considered in this paper. Along with sensor fusion, another area of prime importance that is necessary to be explored is the prediction of pedestrian intentions. Though the study of the prediction of a pedestrian"s intentions started approximately fifteen years ago, most of the research is based on detection rather than intention. Furthermore, this paper also discusses related research in the field of prediction of the pedestrian"s intentions. At the end of the article, this review paper includes open questions, challenges, and proposed solutions.

An Evaluation of the Safety Effectiveness and Cost of Autonomous Vehicles Based on Multivariable Coupling

“…Cameras, MMW radars, and LiDAR have limitations, such as their feasibility under inclement weather and in the darkness [ 29 , 30 ]. The foundation of realizing safety functions is that cameras, radars, and LiDAR can recognize objects surrounding the vehicle.…”

Comparative analysis of influencing factors on pedestrian road accidents

“…The number of car accidents has gone up around the world, making road safety a major concern. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 1.35 million people die annually in road traffic accidents worldwide [1]. The injuries sustained in these crashes are considered to be the eighth largest cause of death worldwide for all age groups, implying that more individuals are being killed in road traffic accidents.…”

Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Portable Wireless Applications

“…In unfolded mode, it resonates at 900 MHz and 2.3 GHz frequency bands. However, as the 5G services and multiple autonomous applications [27] will cover a wideband around 3.3 GHz [28] in the sub-6GHz band, the requirement is to have a design which can cover this band, as well as the legacy standards.…”