Insights from enzymatic degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose to fermentable sugars– a review

Houfani, Aicha Asma; Anders, Nico; Spieß, Antje C.; Baldrián, Petr; Benallaoua, Saı̈d

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105481

Cited by 240 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…The non-reducing group is at the closed ring structure, while the reducing group is present at the opposite end of the chain, consisting of an aliphatic structure and a carbonyl group [ 53 , 54 ]. Cellulose being highly abundant in plants can be synthesized by animals, algae, bacteria, and fungi as well [ 55 ]. A study by Sacui et al describes the production of cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibrils by, among others, enzymatic hydrolysis from three types of raw materials: wood, tunicate, and bacteria [ 56 ].…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol Production by Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Different Lignocellulosic Sources

2021

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As the need for non-renewable sources such as fossil fuels has increased during the last few decades, the search for sustainable and renewable alternative sources has gained growing interest. Enzymatic hydrolysis in bioethanol production presents an important step, where sugars that are fermented are obtained in the final fermentation process. In the process of enzymatic hydrolysis, more and more new effective enzymes are being researched to ensure a more cost-effective process. There are many different enzyme strategies implemented in hydrolysis protocols, where different lignocellulosic biomass, such as wood feedstocks, different agricultural wastes, and marine algae are being used as substrates for an efficient bioethanol production. This review investigates the very recent enzymatic hydrolysis pathways in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.

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Section: Lignocellulosic Biomass Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioethanol Production by Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Different Lignocellulosic Sources

2021

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“…Various fungi which break down lignin by their oxidoreductase enzymes (manganese peroxidases, laccases, lignin peroxidases) (Trametes, Polyporus, Pleurotus) can also be used to release cellulose. These enzymes may attack the cellulose and hemicelluloses, so sugar loss can occur during the pre-treatment, and the treatments are very time-consuming (Houfani et al, 2020). Fungal enzymes make up more than half of the enzymes currently used in industrial applications.…”

Section: Modify the Enzymes And Increase Their Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hemicelluloses are polysaccharides that, in addition to cellulose, are involved in building up the cell wall ( Houfani et al, 2020 ). Their role is to fix the cell wall skeleton and connect it to the cellulose fiber network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of biomass conversion: exploring new opportunities

Fülöp¹,

Ecker²

2020

PeerJ

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Recycling biomass is indispensable these days not only because fossil energy sources are gradually depleted, but also because pollution of the environment, caused by the increasing use of energy, must be reduced. This article intends to overview the results of plant biomass processing methods that are currently in use. Our aim was also to review published methods that are not currently in use. It is intended to explore the possibilities of new methods and enzymes to be used in biomass recycling. The results of this overview are perplexing in almost every area. Advances have been made in the pre-treatment of biomass and in the diversity and applications of the enzymes utilized. Based on molecular modeling, very little progress has been made in the modification of existing enzymes for altered function and adaptation for the environmental conditions during the processing of biomass. There are hardly any publications in which molecular modeling techniques are used to improve enzyme function and to adapt enzymes to various environmental conditions. Our view is that using modern computational, biochemical, and biotechnological methods would enable the purposeful design of enzymes that are more efficient and suitable for biomass processing.

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“…Xylan, a major component of hemicellulose in plant cells, is among the most abundant natural sources of renewable biomass (Scheller and Ulvskov 2010 ; Walia et al 2017 ). It consists of xylose units connected through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds and side chains composed of α-D-glucuronide, arabinose, galactose, acetate, methyl glucuronic acid and other simple sugars (Houfani et al 2020 ). The microbial degradation of xylan requires the synergy of a variety of enzymes—with xylanase as the most essential among them—which can hydrolyze β-1,4-glycosidic bonds to produce xylose or xylose oligosaccharides (Shallom and Shoham 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of efficient xylanases from industrial-scale pulp and paper wastewater treatment microbiota

Wang

Liang

et al. 2021

AMB Expr

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Xylanases are widely used enzymes in the food, textile, and paper industries. Most efficient xylanases have been identified from lignocellulose-degrading microbiota, such as the microbiota of the cow rumen and the termite hindgut. Xylanase genes from efficient pulp and paper wastewater treatment (PPWT) microbiota have been previously recovered by metagenomics, assigning most of the xylanase genes to the GH10 family. In this study, a total of 40 GH10 family xylanase genes derived from a certain PPWT microbiota were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Among these xylanase genes, 14 showed xylanase activity on beechwood substrate. Two of these, PW-xyl9 and PW-xyl37, showed high activities, and were purified to evaluate their xylanase properties. Values of optimal pH and temperature for PW-xyl9 were pH 7 and 60 ℃, respectively, while those for PW-xyl37 were pH 7 and 55 ℃, respectively; their specific xylanase activities under optimal conditions were 470.1 U/mg protein and 113.7 U/mg protein, respectively. Furthermore, the Km values of PW-xyl9 and PW-xyl37 were determined as 8.02 and 18.8 g/L, respectively. The characterization of these two xylanases paves the way for potential application in future pulp and paper production and other industries, indicating that PPWT microbiota has been an undiscovered reservoir of efficient lignocellulase genes. This study demonstrates that a metagenomic approach has the potential to screen efficient xylanases of uncultured microorganisms from lignocellulose-degrading microbiota. In a similar way, other efficient lignocellulase genes might be identified from PPWT treatment microbiota in the future.

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Insights from enzymatic degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose to fermentable sugars– a review

Cited by 240 publications

References 126 publications

Bioethanol Production by Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Different Lignocellulosic Sources

Bioethanol Production by Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Different Lignocellulosic Sources

An overview of biomass conversion: exploring new opportunities

Characterization of efficient xylanases from industrial-scale pulp and paper wastewater treatment microbiota

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