Insights into oil recovery mechanism by Nothing-Alternating-Polymer (NAP) concept

Chemical-Enhanced Oil Recovery by Alkali/Sulfate Smart Water Flooding in Carbonate Reservoirs Using a Green Polymer Extracted from Plantago ovata Seed

“…Reservoirs with an active aquifer are usually sandstone and are not targeted for chemical water injection due to high production and technical issues. For example, a key risk in implementing chemical EOR in reservoirs with an active aquifer is the loss of injected chemicals in the aquifer, which can limit the economic success of the project. , It should be mentioned that gels and polymers with high viscosity are injected in such reservoirs not to increase the efficiency of oil sweeping but to prevent the negative effects of aquifer influx on oil production, which is different from the application investigated in this study.…”

“…For example, a key risk in implementing chemical EOR in reservoirs with an active aquifer is the loss of injected chemicals in the aquifer, which can limit the economic success of the project. 47,48 It should be mentioned that gels and polymers with high viscosity are injected in such reservoirs not to increase the efficiency of oil sweeping but to prevent the negative effects of aquifer influx on oil production, which is different from the application investigated in this study. High salinity is not a characteristic of all reservoirs, and reservoirs with very high salinity are in the category of reservoirs with difficult conditions.…”

Experimental and numerical investigation of polymer pore-clogging in micromodels

“…The method implies the addition of water-soluble polymer molecules to the injection water to increase its phase viscosity. The viscosity enhancement leads to more favorable mobility ratios and water–oil fractional flow characteristics, which improves the sweep efficiency of the displacement process 3 – 5 . Even though polymer flooding is considered a mature EOR method, there are limited full-field implementations of polymer flooding 6 .…”

Preparation and Study of Polyvinyl Alcohol Gel Structures with Acrylamide and 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic Acid for Application in Saline Oil Reservoirs for Profile Modification

“…Increased global energy demand has substantially increased oil production. , Oil recovery processes are categorized into three stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary oil recovery [known as enhanced oil recovery (EOR)]. However, only ∼55% of the original light oil (30–50° API) and ∼10% of the original heavy oil (<15° API) can be recovered in the primary and secondary recovery operations of the original oil in place. , In secondary oil recovery, most oilfields are developed using the water injection technology, which aggravates the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the reservoir environment, gradually forming fractures and dominant channels. , The exploitation processes of unconventional oilfields have led to the development of more significant hydraulic fractures, and the natural fractures have deteriorated further. − Excessive water production has become a serious issue in petroleum reservoir development, adding to the production cost as the disposal of excess water should be considered and much oil from the reservoir remains unswept. − Conformance control is essential for reducing water production for successfully applying water injection and enhancing oil recovery operations in petroleum development. − Nevertheless, EOR contribution to the global oil supply is ∼2% . There are appreciable difficulties in applying many EOR operations owing to conformance problems. , Meanwhile, harsh environmental factors such as high temperatures and ultrahigh salinity restricted EOR.…”