Insights into the biogenic contribution to total sulphate in aerosol and precipitation in the Fraser Valley afforded by isotopes of sulphur and oxygen

Norman, Ann‐Lise; Belzer, Wayne; Barrie, L. A.

doi:10.1029/2002jd003072

Cited by 46 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It was fitted with a cascade impactor to collect size-fractionated particles on quartz filters as well as SO 2 . The SO 2 was trapped on a cellulose filter pretreated with potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) and a glycerol solution (Saltzman et al, 1983;Norman et al, 2004;Seguin et al, 2010). The sampling interval was 2 days, starting from 10:00 UTC.…”

Section: Field Description and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulfur isotope apportionment in the Arctic assumes a δ 34 S value of +21 ‰ ± 0.1 (Rees et al, 1978), +18.6 ‰ ± 0.9 (Sanusi et al, 2006;Patris et al, 2002) and +3 ‰ ± 3 (Li and Barrie, 1993;Nriagu and Coker, 1978;Norman et al, 1999) for sea salt, biogenic and anthropogenic δ 34 S values, respectively. These values were used to find sea salt, biogenic and anthropogenic fractions in this study.…”

Section: Sampling Interval Turn Off-on Time (Utc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods may overestimate the role of biogenic sources if anthropogenic sulfate is present. The isotopic differences of various sources present a way to determine the oceanic DMS contribution to aerosol growth (Norman et al, 1999(Norman et al, , 2004Seguin et al, 2010Seguin et al, , 2011Rempillo et al, 2011). Sizesegregated aerosols were collected in July 2014 during an extended transect going from the strait of Belle Isle to Lancaster Sound in the Canadian Arctic, permitting comparison with measurements from other seasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt sulfate size-segregated aerosols in the Arctic summer

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Size-segregated aerosol sulfate concentrations were measured on board the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Amundsen in the Arctic during July 2014. The objective of this study was to utilize the isotopic composition of sulfate to address the contribution of anthropogenic and biogenic sources of aerosols to the growth of the different aerosol size fractions in the Arctic atmosphere. Non-seasalt sulfate is divided into biogenic and anthropogenic sulfate using stable isotope apportionment techniques. A considerable amount of the average sulfate concentration in the fine aerosols with a diameter < 0.49 µm was from biogenic sources (> 63 %), which is higher than in previous Arctic studies measuring above the ocean during fall (< 15 %) (Rempillo et al., 2011) and total aerosol sulfate at higher latitudes at Alert in summer (> 30 %) (Norman et al., 1999). The anthropogenic sulfate concentration was less than that of biogenic sulfate, with potential sources being long-range transport and, more locally, the Amundsen's emissions. Despite attempts to minimize the influence of ship stack emissions, evidence from larger-sized particles demonstrates a contribution from local pollution.A comparison of δ 34 S values for SO 2 and fine aerosols was used to show that gas-to-particle conversion likely occurred during most sampling periods. δ 34 S values for SO 2 and fine aerosols were similar, suggesting the same source for SO 2 and aerosol sulfate, except for two samples with a relatively high anthropogenic fraction in particles < 0.49 µm in diameter (15)(16)(17). The high biogenic fraction of sulfate fine aerosol and similar isotope ratio values of these particles and SO 2 emphasize the role of marine organisms (e.g., phytoplankton, algae, bacteria) in the formation of fine particles above the Arctic Ocean during the productive summer months.

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Section: Field Description and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling Interval Turn Off-on Time (Utc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt sulfate size-segregated aerosols in the Arctic summer

et al. 2016

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“…This suggests that the δ 34 S of the DMS flux to the atmosphere is relatively constant from the open ocean. The uniform δ 34 S of seawater DMS and DMSP should facilitate isotopic mass balance calculations to estimate their contribution to sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere, which show highly varied δ 34 S values with relation to their sulfur sources (21,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Implications For the Isotope Mass-balance Calculations Of Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur isotope homogeneity of oceanic DMSP and DMS

Amrani

Said–Ahmad

Shaked

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Oceanic emissions of volatile dimethyl sulfide (DMS) represent the largest natural source of biogenic sulfur to the global atmosphere, where it mediates aerosol dynamics. To constrain the contribution of oceanic DMS to aerosols we established the sulfur isotope ratios ( 34 S/ 32 S ratio, δ 34 S) of DMS and its precursor, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), in a range of marine environments. In view of the low oceanic concentrations of DMS/P, we applied a unique method for the analysis of δ 34 S at the picomole level in individual compounds. Surface water DMSP collected from six different ocean provinces revealed a remarkable consistency in δ 34 S values ranging between +18.9 and +20.3‰. Sulfur isotope composition of DMS analyzed in freshly collected seawater was similar to δ 34 S of DMSP, showing that the in situ fractionation between these species is small (<+1‰). Based on volatilization experiments, emission of DMS to the atmosphere results in a relatively small fractionation (−0.5 ± 0.2‰) compared with the seawater DMS pool. Because δ 34 S values of oceanic DMS closely reflect that of DMSP, we conclude that the homogenous δ 34 S of DMSP at the ocean surface represents the δ 34 S of DMS emitted to the atmosphere, within +1‰. The δ 34 S of oceanic DMS flux to the atmosphere is thus relatively constant and distinct from anthropogenic sources of atmospheric sulfate, thereby enabling estimation of the DMS contribution to aerosols., a metabolite of marine phytoplankton, is one of the major organosulfur compounds produced in the oceans (1). One of its degradation products, dimethylsulfide (DMS), is volatile and supersaturated in all marine surface waters. Large amounts of DMS (0.55-1.1 Tmol S·y −1 ) are released from the ocean to the atmosphere (2), where it contributes to the formation and growth of aerosol particles (3). Over remote oceans, distant from anthropogenic sulfur inputs, DMS is the major source of nonsea-salt sulfate aerosol (4, 5). The oxidation of DMS to submicron sulfate aerosols was suggested to increase cloud-condensation nuclei and the albedo of clouds, leading to a potential climate feedback loop operating through the DMS-producing biota in the surface ocean (6). Although evidence for the direct, local climate feedback via DMS is limited (7), DMS likely contributes, together with organic and sea-spray aerosol sources, to the complex dynamics of climate-active aerosols in the lower atmosphere (3, 7).Sulfur isotope measurements ( 34 S/ 32 S ratio, δ 34 S) may offer a way to constrain the contribution of ocean-derived DMS to global sulfur cycling and aerosol budgets. Recently, Oduro et al.(8) used a multistep extraction of large seawater volumes (e.g., 50 L) coupled with Raney nickel dehydrosulfurization and subsequent fluorination for the S isotope analysis of DMSP in intertidal macroalgae (+17.3 to +19.3‰) and estuarine phytoplankton blooms (+19 to +20‰). However, there are still no direct DMS and DMSP δ 34 S data in oligotrophic oceans owing to their typically low concentrations of 0.5-5 and 5-80 ...

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“…A positive δ 34 S signature of anthropogenic airborne sulphur accumulated by mosses is characteristic for central Europe (Migaszewski et al, 2010). Positive signatures of δ 34 S for P. schreberi not only from industrial but also from all rural and urban sites may be caused by domestic coal based heating systems and transportation exhausts (Norman et al, 2004;Gałuszka, 2005;Migaszewski et al, 2010;Xiao et al, 2010a). The sulphur isotope was established as À 1 to þ8‰ (most data are from þ 3.5 to þ7‰) in coal and from þ2 toþ15‰ in lignite of Polish origin (Chmielewski et al, 2002;Derda et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

δ 34 S values and S concentrations in native and transplanted Pleurozium schreberi in a heavily industrialised area

Kosior¹,

Ciężka

Górka

et al. 2015

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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34 S enrichment (up to 4.7‰) in the mosses tested indicates that these plants responded to environmental pollution stress. Sulphur isotopic composition in the transplanted P. schreberi was related to S concentrations in this species after 90 days of the experiment. Higher δ34 S values and S concentrations were noted in native mosses than in those transplanted from rural and urban sites while an opposite situation was reported in industrial sites. The transplanted P. schreberi was a better sulphur bioindicator than the native moss in more polluted industrial sites and worse in less polluted rural and urban sites.

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Insights into the biogenic contribution to total sulphate in aerosol and precipitation in the Fraser Valley afforded by isotopes of sulphur and oxygen

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt sulfate size-segregated aerosols in the Arctic summer

Biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt sulfate size-segregated aerosols in the Arctic summer

Sulfur isotope homogeneity of oceanic DMSP and DMS

δ 34 S values and S concentrations in native and transplanted Pleurozium schreberi in a heavily industrialised area

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