Insights into the evolutionary history and epidemiological characteristics of the emerging lineage 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in China

Sun, Yankuo; Chen, Yongjie; Cai, Yu; Li, Qi; Xie, Jiexiong; Liang, Guan; Gao, Qi; Yu, Zhiqing; Lu, Gang; Huang, Li; C, Ma; Gong, Lang; Wang, Heng; Shī, Mǎng; Zhang, Guihong

doi:10.1111/tbed.13613

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…NADC30-like PRRSVs have been reported to originate from the United States ( Sun et al, 2020 ; Yu et al, 2020 ). However, the origin of recently identified novel strains (e.g., NADC30-like and NADC34-like) has remained unclear because of low genomic similarity and complex recombination patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Genome Monitoring Retraces the Evolution of Novel Emerging Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

Xiang

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes tremendous economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. In China, novel PRRSVs have frequently emerged in recent years, but the evolutionary relationship among these viruses has remained unclear. In the present study, a 4-year PRRSV genome-monitoring study was performed on samples from a pig farm. We observed that NADC30-like PRRSVs with higher mutation rates replaced HP-PRRSVs as the epidemic strains. We monitored the variation in the same PRRSV strain evolved in a pig herd over 2 years and observed that the low genomic similarity of NADC30-like PRRSVs results from rapid mutation. We also showed that recombination events between NADC30-like and QYYZ-like PRRSVs resulted in the complex recombination patterns of PRRSVs, which have formed gradually over time. Furthermore, recombination of the same strain can occur at different locations and increase the diversity of recombination events. Overall, these findings interpret the evolutionary patterns of novel and emerging PRRSVs, information that is crucial for PRRSV control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Genome Monitoring Retraces the Evolution of Novel Emerging Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

Xiang

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The continuous evolution of PRRSV, resulting in simultaneous outbreaks and epidemics of multisubtype strains, has made PRRS prevention and control more complicated. The NADC30-like PRRSV strain is the main epidemic strain with the second detection rate compared with the HP-PRRSV strain in China ( Sun et al, 2020 ). Whether the currently available commercial PRRSV vaccine based on classical PRRSV and HP-PRRSV strains can prevent or worsen the diseases infected by the new subtype PRRSV strains requires to be further confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Construction and Immunogenicity Analyses of Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus With NADC30-Like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Like Particles Co-expression

Zhao

Zhu

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and pseudorabies (PR) are highly infectious swine diseases and cause significant financial loss in China. The respiratory system and reproductive system are the main target systems. Previous studies showed that the existing PR virus (PRV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV) commercial vaccines could not provide complete protection against PRV variant strains and NADC30-like PRRSV strains in China. In this study, the PRV variant strain XJ and NADC30-like PRRSV strain CHSCDJY-2019 are used as the parent for constructing a recombinant pseudorabies virus (rPRV)-NC56 with gE/gI/TK gene deletion and co-expressing NADC30-like PRRSV GP5 and M protein. The rPRV-NC56 proliferated stably in BHK-21 cells, and it could stably express GP5 and M protein. Due to the introduction of the self-cleaving 2A peptide, GP5 and M protein were able to express independently and form virus-like particles (VLPs) of PRRSV in rPRV-NC56-infected BHK-21 cells. The rPRV-NC56 is safe for use in mice; it can colonize and express the target protein in mouse lungs for a long time. Vaccination with rPRV-NC56 induces PRV and NADC30-like PRRSV specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, and protects 100% of mice from virulent PRV XJ strain. Furthermore, the virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) elicited by rPRV-NC56 showed significantly lower titer against SCNJ-2016 (HP-PRRSV) than that against CHSCDJY-2019 (NADC30-like PRRSV). Thus, rPRV-NC56 appears to be a promising candidate vaccine against NADC30-like PRRSV and PRV for the control and eradication of the variant PRV and NADC30-like PRRSV.

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“…PRRSV recombination events have been the focus of researchers [13,33,34]. Recombinant PRRSVs have been increasingly isolated since NADC30-like PRRSVs emerged in China [14,35,36]. To explore whether the NADC34-like PRRSV isolated from this farm was a recombinant virus, we performed a recombination analysis on the two NADC34-like PRRSVs (TZJ864 and TZJ921) obtained from the farm.…”

Section: Recombination Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

First Detection of NADC34-like PRRSV as a Main Epidemic Strain on a Large Farm in China

Gong

Sun

et al. 2021

Pathogens

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The newly emerged sublineage 1.5 (NADC34-like) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has posed a direct threat to the Chinese pig industry since 2018. However, the prevalence and impact of NADC34-like PRRSV on Chinese pig farms is unclear. In the present study, we continuously monitored pathogens—including PRRSV, African swine fever virus (ASFV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)—on a fattening pig farm with strict biosecurity practices located in Heilongjiang Province, China, from 2020 to 2021. The results showed that multiple types of PRRSV coexisted on a single pig farm. NADC30-like and NADC34-like PRRSVs were the predominant strains on this pig farm. Importantly, NADC34-like PRRSV—detected during the period of peak mortality—was one of the predominant strains on this pig farm. Sequence alignment suggested that these strains shared the same 100 aa deletion in the NSP2 protein as IA/2014/NADC34 isolated from the United States (U.S.) in 2014. Phylogenetic analysis based on open reading frame 5 (ORF5) showed that the genetic diversity of NADC34-like PRRSV on this farm was relatively singular, but it had a relatively high rate of evolution. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern analysis showed that almost all ORF5 RFLPs were 1-7-4, with one 1-4-4. In addition, two complete genomes of NADC34-like PRRSVs were sequenced. Recombination analysis and sequence alignment demonstrated that both viruses, with 98.9% nucleotide similarity, were non-recombinant viruses. This study reports the prevalence and characteristics of NADC34-like PRRSVs on a large-scale breeding farm in northern China for the first time. These results will help to reveal the impact of NADC34-like PRRSVs on Chinese pig farms, and provide a reference for the detection and further prevention and control of NADC34-like PRRSVs.

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Insights into the evolutionary history and epidemiological characteristics of the emerging lineage 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in China

Abstract: Sun and Chen contributed equally to the study.

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Long-Term Genome Monitoring Retraces the Evolution of Novel Emerging Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

Long-Term Genome Monitoring Retraces the Evolution of Novel Emerging Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

The Construction and Immunogenicity Analyses of Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus With NADC30-Like Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Like Particles Co-expression

First Detection of NADC34-like PRRSV as a Main Epidemic Strain on a Large Farm in China

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