Insights into the Fate of the Novel Pesticide Vanisulfane from Animal Manure in Plant–Soil Systems: Assisted by Carbon-14 Labeling

Abstract

Pesticide use can result in plant residues, which can be ingested by livestock consuming plant-derived feed and appear in manure. When this manure is applied as a fertilizer, pesticides can contaminate plant−soil systems. Few studies have focused on pesticide infiltration from applying pesticide-contaminated manure to land. In this study, the fate of pesticide vanisulfane from chicken manure was studied in radish−soil and cabbage−soil systems assisted by carbon-14 labeling. Vanisulfane and its metabolites mostly appeared as bound residues (BRs) after introduction, and BR release was found at 35 d. Notably, manure contaminated with vanisulfane and its metabolites exhibited higher plant accumulation and phytotoxicity than manure contaminated with only the parent. Four metabolites were identified, and germination toxicity assays illustrated that a metabolite with an aldehyde structure induced phytotoxicity. This study provides valuable information on pesticide contamination from manure and emphasizes the importance of considering pesticide metabolites when assessing environmental risks.