Insights into the genetic basis of predator‐induced response in <i>Daphnia galeata</i>

Tams, Verena; Nickel, Jana; Ehring, Anne; Cordellier, Mathilde

doi:10.1002/ece3.6899

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Clonal aquatic invertebrates, such as Daphnia, are helpful for disentangling genetic variation vs. phenotypic responses to complex natural environmental stress, which often include rapid evolution, phenotypic plasticity, and evolution of plasticity (Stoks et al, 2016). Since Daphnia has a well annotated genome (Colbourne et al, 2011), researchers have been able to identify the genetic basis for multiple phenotypic responses (e.g., Lyu et al, 2019;Frisch et al, 2020;Tams et al, 2020) making it a powerful model system to study the associations between genetics, molecular physiology, and the ecological phenotype (Miner et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Phenotype of Daphnia Under Hypoxia: Macroevolution, Microevolution, and Phenotypic Plasticity

et al. 2022

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Daphnia is a freshwater crustacean that is able to upregulate hemoglobin (Hb) in response to hypoxia, imparting a red color. We combine multiple field surveys across season with a lab experiment to evaluate changes in the metabolic phenotype of Daphnia in relation to environmental hypoxia. Looking at the zooplankton community, we found that D. pulicaria was restricted to lakes with a hypoxic hypolimnion. Comparing D. pulicaria with different amounts of Hb, red animals showed higher mRNA levels for several Hb genes, whereas most glycolytic genes showed red/pale differences of less than 50%. We also observed seasonal changes in the metabolic phenotype that differed between red and pale animals. Hb was upregulated early in the season in hypoxic lakes, and a relationship between Hb and lactate dehydrogenase only emerged later in the season in a temporal pattern that was lake specific. To evaluate whether these differences were due to specific lake environments or microevolutionary differences, we tested the induction of genes under controlled hypoxia in isofemale lines from each of four lakes. We found a strong response to 18 h hypoxia exposure in both Hb and lactate dehydrogenase mRNA, although the magnitude of the acute response was greater than the steady state differences in mRNA levels between pale and red Daphnia. The baseline expression of Hb and lactate dehydrogenase also varied between isofemale lines with different lake origins. These results, in combination with comparison of glycogen measurements, suggests that Hb functions primarily to facilitate oxygen delivery, mitigating systemic hypoxia, rather than an oxygen store. The combination of lab and field studies suggest that the metabolic phenotype of the animal is influenced by both microevolutionary differences (within and between lakes) as well as the spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity of the lakes. The differences between Daphnia species, and the unexpected lack of hypoxia sensitivity of select glycolytic genes provide evidence of macroevolutionary differences in metabolic strategies to cope with hypoxia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Phenotype of Daphnia Under Hypoxia: Macroevolution, Microevolution, and Phenotypic Plasticity

et al. 2022

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“…Some kairomones are innately released by the predator (predator odors), from damaged prey (alarm cues), and from digested prey excreted by the predator (dietary cues). This study and Tams et al explicitly avoided the addition of conspecific alarm cues in our kairomone mixture as to measure only the effect of predator odors [73]. Other studies, such as [30, 31], tested responses to a mixture of predator-specific odors and alarm cues released by consumed conspecifics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a low number of DEGs related to kairomone exposure is unexpected, but not unprecedented in previous Daphnia studies. One study on Daphnia galeata M6 by Tams et al also found 4 differentially expressed transcripts in response to kairomones from the fish Leuciscus idus using a two-factor analysis [73], and another study found no DEGs in Daphnia magna Iinb1 when exposed to kairomones from stickleback fish [74]. Tams et al hypothesize that life history changes might be associated with only a few genes compared to morphological defenses, or that regulation could be post-translational and therefore would not appear in an RNA sequencing study [73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study on Daphnia galeata M6 by Tams et al also found 4 differentially expressed transcripts in response to kairomones from the fish Leuciscus idus using a two-factor analysis [73], and another study found no DEGs in Daphnia magna Iinb1 when exposed to kairomones from stickleback fish [74]. Tams et al hypothesize that life history changes might be associated with only a few genes compared to morphological defenses, or that regulation could be post-translational and therefore would not appear in an RNA sequencing study [73]. Defense strategies can also include behavioral changes such as vertical migration [75,76] and the transition into a state of alertness [77], which RNA [29] and thus D. pulicaria are exposed to their kairomones yearround.…”

Section: The Missing Kairomone Response: Behavioral Changes and Proxi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic and transcriptional response of Daphnia pulicaria to the combined effects of temperature and predation

Oliver

Cavalheri

Lima

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Daphnia, an ecologically important zooplankton species in lakes, shows both genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity in response to temperature and fish predation, but little is known about the molecular basis of these responses and their potential interactions. We performed a factorial experiment exposing laboratory-propagated Daphnia pulicaria clones from two lakes in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California to normal or high temperature (15°C or 25°C) in the presence or absence of fish kairomones, then measured changes in life history and gene expression. Exposure to kairomones increased upper thermal tolerance limits for physiological activity in both clones. Cloned individuals matured at a younger age in response to higher temperature and kairomones, while size at maturity, fecundity and population intrinsic growth were only affected by temperature. At the molecular level, both clones expressed more genes differently in response to temperature than predation, but specific genes involved in metabolic, cellular, and genetic processes responded differently between the two clones. Although gene expression differed more between clones from different lakes than experimental treatments, similar phenotypic responses to predation risk and warming arose from these clone-specific patterns. Our results suggest that phenotypic plasticity responses to temperature and kairomones interact synergistically, with exposure to fish predators increasing the tolerance of Daphnia pulicaria to stressful temperatures, and that similar phenotypic responses to temperature and predator cues can be produced by divergent patterns of gene regulation.

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“…Approximately one-third of Daphnia magna genes, especially those relating to metabolism, cell signalling and general stress response, are involved in early transcriptional response to environmental stress, including predation-related stress [10]. Another recent study showed that transcripts involved in remodelling of the cuticle, growth and digestion were associated with the response to predation risk in Daphnia galeata [11]. However, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of responses of Daphnia species to predation is still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic regions associated with adaptation to predation in Daphnia often include members of expanded gene families

et al. 2021

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Predation has been a major driver of the evolution of prey species, which consequently develop antipredator adaptations. However, little is known about the genetic basis underpinning the adaptation of prey to intensive predation. Here, we describe a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly (approx. 145 Mb, scaffold N50 11.45 Mb) of Daphnia mitsukuri , a primary forage for many fish species. Transcriptional profiling of D. mitsukuri exposed to fish kairomone revealed that this cladoceran responds to predation risk through regulating activities of Wnt signalling, cuticle pattern formation, cell cycle regulation and anti-apoptosis pathways. Genes differentially expressed in response to predation risk are more likely to be members of expanded families. Our results suggest that expansions of multiple gene families associated with chemoreception and vision allow Daphnia to enhance detection of predation risk, and that expansions of those associated with detoxification and cuticle formation allow Daphnia to mount an efficient response to perceived predation risk. This study increases our understanding of the molecular basis of prey defences, being important evolutionary adaptations playing a stabilizing role in community dynamics.

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Insights into the genetic basis of predator‐induced response in Daphnia galeata

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 13 publications

References 78 publications

Metabolic Phenotype of Daphnia Under Hypoxia: Macroevolution, Microevolution, and Phenotypic Plasticity

Metabolic Phenotype of Daphnia Under Hypoxia: Macroevolution, Microevolution, and Phenotypic Plasticity

Phenotypic and transcriptional response of Daphnia pulicaria to the combined effects of temperature and predation

Genomic regions associated with adaptation to predation in Daphnia often include members of expanded gene families

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