Insights into thin film blistering of gold coating on metal substrate

Cao, Jing; Yuan, Bo; Gong, Na; Meng, Tzee Luai; Teo, Siew Lang; Yong, Anna Marie; Zhang, Xikui; Lin, Ming; Karyappa, Rahul; Zhang, Lei; Tan, Chee Kiang Ivan; Suwardi, Ady; Zhu, Qiang; Jin, Hongmei; Harvey, Christopher M.; Wang, Shih-Yu; Liu, Hongfei

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155700

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The analysis indicated that the size of and distance between the grains raised with the increase in W Hf . It has been previously reported that surface defects resulting in the formation of such type of mounds are due to the effects that come more from energy contributions [31], although a possible thickness effect cannot be ruled out in this case. In general, it can be seen that W Hf has an important effect on the dimensions of the mounds (height, projected area and volume) and distances between them.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Surface Morphology and Optical Properties of Hafnium Oxide Thin Films Produced by Magnetron Sputtering

Araiza,

Álvarez-Fraga,

Gago

et al. 2023

Materials

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Hafnium oxide films were deposited on sapphire and silicon (100) substrates using the DC reactive magnetron sputtering technique from a pure hafnium target at different discharge power levels. The influence of the cathode power on the chemical composition, morphology, crystallographic structure and optical properties of the films was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to determine the chemical composition and bonding structure. In all cases, the films were found to be amorphous or nanocrystalline with increased crystalline content as the sputtering power was increased, according to XRD and FTIR. In addition, EDX showed that the films were oxygen-rich. The effect of power deposition on the surface topography and morphology of the films was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The AFM and SEM images revealed the emergence of mound morphologies as the cathode power was increased. These features are related to blistering effects probably due to the presence of stress and its promotion within the film thickness. Finally, the optical properties showed an average transmission of 80% in the visible range, and the refractive index determined by spectral ellipsometry (SE) was found to be in the range of 1.85–1.92, close to the reported bulk value. SE was also used to study the film porosity observed by SEM, which can be related to the oxygen-rich character of the films.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Surface Morphology and Optical Properties of Hafnium Oxide Thin Films Produced by Magnetron Sputtering

Araiza,

Álvarez-Fraga,

Gago

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…12 These sublimations can be minimised by depositing a coating of Si 3 N 4 or SiO 2 . 21,80,109,113 Therefore, Si 1−x Ge x and B 4 C seem to be more viable choices as they have high thermal stabilities and are made from relatively more abundant elements.…”

Section: Effects Of Plasma Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoelectrics for nuclear fusion reactors: opportunities and challenges

Tan,

Liu,

Dong

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…Gold is widely used as a coating material for electrical contact to ensure corrosion resistance, low contact resistance and stability upon sliding contact due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, including but not limited to high conductivity, low propensity to form alien-films on the contact surface and good ductility and malleability to accommodate certain frictional stresses. [1,2] During operation, the electrical contacts often undergo multiple cycles of connection/disconnection, leading to severe surface wear of the gold coating and intensive degradation of the electrical characteristics, such as a decrease in the contact resistance and wear life, even under vacuum. [3,4] Hence, optimizing the microstructure of the coating or designing novel hybrid coating plays a crucial role in enhancing the reliability and service life for space mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation on Mechanical Properties and Electrical Contact Behaviors for Au/Ni Composite Coating by Experiment and Finite Element Method

Wu,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Gold coatings are the most widely used protective layer for resisting surface oxidization and corrosion in various complex environments. However, the extremely low hardness, inferior load‐bearing capacity and lack of an effective strategy for evaluating the elastic‐plastic behavior of gold coatings have greatly limited their further application. The main aim of this work was to investigate the effect of Ni doping on the microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical contact stability of a coating based on an experimental method and finite element simulation. The strain‐hardening exponent model of the coating is established by employing a reverse analysis method based on the nanoindentation experiment until the reverse and forward loading curves are consistent, thereby determining the yield strength. The results indicate that Ni doping is conducive to enhancing the mechanical properties under the premise of ensuring low contact resistance. The hardness (3.3∽4.2 GPa) and yield strength (524.3∽689.8 MPa) of the Au1‐xNix composite coating with a Ni content of 4 at. ∽8 at. % is more than twice as high as that of pure Au. The electrical contacts deposited by the Au1‐xNix coatings maintain a low contact resistance range (1.12 mΩ∽3.29 mΩ) at a contact force of 10 gf. These findings are conducive to guiding the development of advanced coatings.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Insights into thin film blistering of gold coating on metal substrate

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Surface Morphology and Optical Properties of Hafnium Oxide Thin Films Produced by Magnetron Sputtering

Surface Morphology and Optical Properties of Hafnium Oxide Thin Films Produced by Magnetron Sputtering

Thermoelectrics for nuclear fusion reactors: opportunities and challenges

Evaluation on Mechanical Properties and Electrical Contact Behaviors for Au/Ni Composite Coating by Experiment and Finite Element Method

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