Insights on 21 Years of HBV Surveillance in Blood Donors in France

Cappy, Pierre; Boizeau, Laure; Candotti, Daniel; Cam, Sophie Le; Martinaud, Christophe; Pillonel, Josiane; Tribout, Martin; Maugard, Claude; Relave, J.; Richard, Pascale; Morel, Pascal; Laperche, Syria

doi:10.3390/v14112507

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…19 In addition, the HCV-antibody positive/ RNA negative profile may have a viral load that is below the level of detection. Cappy et al 20 estimated that approximately 0.5% of HCV-antibody positive but NAT negative blood donations in France had low HCV RNA levels. Groves et al 21 reported that low-level HCV-RNA reactivity is decreasing over time from 0.34% to 0.1%, perhaps due to the widespread use of highly effective direct-acting antiviral treatments of HCV infection in USA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved detection of hepatitis C virus‐positive blood donors and determination of infection status

Nishiya

Almeida‐Neto

Witkin

et al. 2022

Transfusion Medicine

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Background In low‐risk populations, variability in the sensitivity of current serological tests for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) blood donor screening may lead to the presence of false‐positive results. This contributes to the unnecessary loss of blood donor samples as well as to difficulty in accurate donor counselling. The present study determined the optimal cut‐off value of a chemiluminescent immunoassay for identification of HCV‐reactive blood donors. Study Design and Methods In a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of 193 973 blood donations, 578 samples that were positive for HCV antibody in a chemiluminescent immunoassay and/or RNA screening tests were identified. Blood from 379 of these positive samples was available for retesting by a second confirmatory HCV immunoassay followed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Donors were also recalled for a new analysis. Results Only 71 (18.7%) blood samples remained HCV‐positive upon retesting, while 233 (61.5%) now tested negative and 75 (19.8%) yielding indeterminate results. A signal to cutoff ratio ≥4.32 was determined as the best differential threshold between a positive and negative result, increasing the positive predictive value from 27.3% to 66.7%. Conclusion Using a higher threshold for an HCV‐positive blood sample enhances the chemiluminescent immunoassay screening test´s accuracy and helps to improve donor counselling and notification processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved detection of hepatitis C virus‐positive blood donors and determination of infection status

Nishiya

Almeida‐Neto

Witkin

et al. 2022

Transfusion Medicine

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“…Interestingly, the last D.N-1 that was retrospectively found to be HBV-DNA positive despite screening HBV-DNA negative was collected in 2019 from a donor with an HBc Ab negative occult B infection. Due to the donor's donation history, this case, described in detail elsewhere, was extensively investigated [4].…”

Section: Lookback Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus incidence in blood donors from 2000 to 2020 in France: Trends and lessons from haemovigilance surveillance

Laperche,

Sauvage,

Gallian

et al. 2023

Vox Sanguinis

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Background and ObjectivesData from 21 years (2000–2020) of haemovigilance were used to assess human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence rates in repeat blood donors and the occurrence of transfusion‐transmitted (TT) viral infections.Materials and MethodsBlood donors who converted for HIV, HCV or HBV markers within serial three‐year analysis periods were included. Epidemiological and virological data were retrieved from the national epidemiological donor database and were supplemented with information on blood components and the infection status of recipients of the previous negative donation (D.N‐1) of donors who seroconverted.ResultsIncidence rates declined from 1.27 to 0.35/100,000 person‐years for HIV, from 0.59 to 0.19 for HCV and from 1.66 to 0.18 for HBV. Risk factors and lookback for 232 HIV, 90 HCV and 74 HBV seroconversions were investigated. The main risk factor identified at post‐donation interview was having sex with men (47.8% of males) for HIV and a sexual risk for HCV (30.6%) and HBV (37.1%). The viral loads and sequences were retrospectively tested in 191 HIV, 74 HCV and 62 HBV D.N‐1 archived samples. Six (five HBV and one HIV‐1) were positive all low viral loads. Two recipients were infected by red blood cells from two HBV seroconverting donors before the introduction of HBV‐nucleic acid testing.ConclusionHIV, HCV and HBV incidence rates in blood donors declined over the two past decades in France. There is a very small risk of a blood component that tests negative entering the blood supply resulting in TT infections, especially after introduction of molecular assays in donor screening.

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“…At the same time, the HCV epidemic remains high and uncontrolled in France, with a high HCV infection prevalence among PWID that reached 64% in 2011 compared to 74% in 2004 [6]. Previous studies conducted in 2011 also show that HCV incidence is very high (20%) among PWID [7]: much higher compared to the general population (estimated among blood donors at one in 34 million donations) [8]. Indeed, France was late in implementing a national harm reduction policy compared to other countries such as the Netherlands and Switzerland, that were able to rapidly control HCV infections among PWID [9–11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug consumption rooms are effective to reduce at‐risk practices associated with HIV/HCV infections among people who inject drugs: Results from the COSINUS cohort study

Lalanne,

Roux,

Donadille

et al. 2023

Addiction

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AimsThe primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of drug consumption rooms (DCRs) in France on injection equipment‐sharing, while the secondary aims focused upon their impact on access to hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and opioid agonist treatment (OAT).DesignThe COhort to identify Structural and INdividual factors associated with drug USe (COSINUS cohort) was a 12‐month longitudinal study of 665 people who inject drugs (PWID), conducted in Bordeaux, Marseille, Paris and Strasbourg. We used data from face‐to‐face interviews at enrolment and at 6‐month and 12‐month visits.Setting and participantsThe participants were recruited in harm reduction programmes in Bordeaux and Marseille and in DCRs in Strasbourg and Paris. Participants were aged more than 18 years, French‐speaking and had injected substances the month before enrolment.MeasurementsWe measured the impact of DCR exposure on injection equipment sharing, HCV testing and the use of medications for opioid use disorder, after adjustment for significant correlates. We used a two‐step Heckman mixed‐effects probit model, which allowed us to take into account the correlation of repeated measures and to control for potential bias due to non‐randomization between the two groups (DCR‐exposed versus DCR‐unexposed participants).FindingsThe difference of declared injection equipment sharing between PWID exposed to DCRs versus non‐exposed was 10% (1% for those exposed versus 11% for those non‐exposed, marginal effect = −0.10; 95% confidence interval = −0.18, −0.03); there was no impact of DCRs on HCV testing and OAT.ConclusionsIn the French context, drug consumption rooms appear to have a positive impact on at‐risk practices for infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus.

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Insights on 21 Years of HBV Surveillance in Blood Donors in France

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Improved detection of hepatitis C virus‐positive blood donors and determination of infection status

Improved detection of hepatitis C virus‐positive blood donors and determination of infection status

Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus incidence in blood donors from 2000 to 2020 in France: Trends and lessons from haemovigilance surveillance

Drug consumption rooms are effective to reduce at‐risk practices associated with HIV/HCV infections among people who inject drugs: Results from the COSINUS cohort study

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