Insights on aquatic microbiome of the Indian Sundarbans mangrove areas

Abstract

Background Anthropogenic perturbations have strong impact on water quality and ecological health of mangrove areas of Indian Sundarbans. Diversity in microbial community composition is important causes for maintaining the health of the mangrove ecosystem. However, microbial communities of estuarine water in Indian Sundarbans mangrove areas and environmental determinants that contribute to those communities were seldom studied. Methods Nevertheless, this study attempted first to report bacterial and archaeal communities simultaneously in the water from Matla River and Thakuran River of Maipith coastal areas more accurately using 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon approaches. Attempt also been made to assess the capability of the environmental parameters for explaining the variation in microbial community composition. Results Our investigation indicates the dominancy of halophilic marine bacteria from families Flavobacteriaceae and OM1 clade in the water with lower nutrient load collected from costal regions of a small Island of Sundarban Mangroves (ISM). At higher eutrophic conditions, changes in bacterial communities in Open Marine Water (OMW) were detected, where some of the marine hydrocarbons degrading bacteria under families Oceanospirillaceae and Spongiibacteraceae were dominated. While most abundant bacterial family Rhodobacteracea almost equally (18% of the total community) dominated in both sites. Minor variation in the composition of archaeal community was also observed between OMW and ISM. Redundancy analysis indicates a combination of total nitrogen and dissolved inorganic nutrients for OMW and for ISM, salinity and total nitrogen was responsible for explaining the changes in their respective microbial community composition.

Sensitivity of the mangrove-estuarine microbial community to aquaculture effluent

“…The archaeal community was dominated by members of the Thermoplasmata, Thaumarchaeota, and Methanococcales ( Figure 4 , Figure S1 ). This was in accordance with other studies that have identified Rhodobacteraceae, SAR86 clade, Actinobacteria, and Flavobacteriaceae, and Thaumarchaeota as the most abundant taxonomic groups ( Dhal et al., 2020 ). Rhodobacteraceae has been found to be dominant in mangrove-dominated estuaries, and members of this family are associated with marine phytoplankton blooms where they play a role in transformations of derived phytoplankton organic matter ( Ghosh et al., 2010 ; Simon et al., 2017 ).…”

Vibrio and Bacterial Communities Across a Pollution Gradient in the Bay of Bengal: Unraveling Their Biogeochemical Drivers

“…Large amounts of particulate and dissolved organic matter are characteristic of the watercourses flowing into the Bay of Bengal. Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria dominated the bacterial community composition of the waters of the Bay of Bengal (Ghosh and Bhadury, 2018;Rajpathak et al, 2018;Fernandes et al, 2019;Dhal et al, 2020) and these classes together with Deltaproteobacteria were detected abundantly in sediments of the Sundarbans (Basak et al, 2015). In this study, Deltaproteobacteria were mainly represented by Geobacter at K8 with relevance for the arsenic cycle (Gnanaprakasam et al, 2017).…”

Biogeography, Assembly Patterns, Driving Factors, and Interactions of Archaeal Community in Mangrove Sediments

“…Another fascinating observation of the current study was the exceptionally high richness of Woesearchaeota (58.9% of all OTUs, 12.8% of sequences). High proportions of Woesearchaeota had been recovered from mangrove sediments worldwide, e.g., in China ( 22 , 36 , 44 ) and India ( 45 ). This might be attributable to their anaerobic heterotrophic lifestyle and diverse metabolic capabilities, such as the utilization of starch or sugar, acetate fermentation, and metabolism of hydrogen and nitrogen ( 33 , 46 ), which made them flourish in mangrove sediments, a habitat with nutrient-rich and anaerobic conditions.…”