Instilling Hope for Peace During Intractable Conflicts

Leshem, Oded Adomi; Klar, Yechiel; Flores, Thomas Edward

doi:10.1177/1948550615626776

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…According to research with people who are involved in seemingly intractable conflicts, hope is associated with decreased dehumanization of (Halperin et al, 2008) and increased support for humanitarian aid provided to (Halperin & Gross, 2011)out-group members, and it is also associated with reduced desire for retaliation (Moeschberger et al, 2005) and increased desire for reconciliation (Cohen-Chen et al, 2019;Rosler, Cohen-Chen, & Halperin, 2015). Importantly, experimental studies have demonstrated that exposure to information about the outgroup's judgments can facilitate intergroup openness, at least to the extent that it increases hope (Leshem, Klar, & Flores, 2016;Saguy & Halperin, 2014).…”

Section: The Affective Routementioning

confidence: 99%

Imagining better societies: A social psychological framework for the study of utopian thinking and collective action

Badaan

Jost

Fernando

et al. 2020

Social & Personality Psych

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We present an integrative theoretical model that specifies social psychological mechanisms by which utopian thinking, which activates the social imagination, may enhance collective action intentions oriented toward social change and human progress. The model synthesizes complementary insights from interdisciplinary research programs on utopianism, hope, construal level, and system justification to identify mechanisms by which imagining better societies: (a) increases social hope, (b) yields an abstract mindset that bridges the psychological distance between the status quo (“here and now”) and a better possible future, (c) decreases system justification motivation, and (d) promotes social justice‐oriented forms of collective action.

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Section: The Affective Routementioning

confidence: 99%

Imagining better societies: A social psychological framework for the study of utopian thinking and collective action

Badaan

Jost

Fernando

et al. 2020

Social & Personality Psych

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“…It is increasingly clear that emotional expressions play an important role in the regulation of intergroup relations (De Vos, van Zomeren, Gordijn, & Postmes, 2013;Goldenberg, Saguy, & Halperin, 2014;Kamans, van Zomeren, Gordijn, & Postmes, 2014;Nadler & Liviatan, 2006;Solak, Reifen, Cohen-Chen, Saguy, & Halperin, 2017;Van Kleef, Steinel, & Homan, 2013;Wohl, Hornsey, & Bennett, 2012). With regard to hope in particular, recent work has investigated effects of hope expressions by outgroup members (Leshem et al, 2016) or the outgroup as a whole on experienced hope and concession-making in conflict. However, research has yet to explore how expressions of hope made by ingroup members to their own group influence attitudes regarding intergroup conflict.…”

Section: Emotional Expressions In Intergroup Conflict: the Role Of Pomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In intergroup conflict, and especially intractable conflict (Bar-Tal, 2013;Coleman, 2011;Kelman, 2007;Kriesberg, 1993), hope has been found to be associated with positive intergroup attitudes (Halperin, Bar-Tal, Nets-Zehngut, & Drori, 2008;Lala et al, 2014), concession-making (Rosler, Cohen-Chen, & Halperin, 2017), willingness to provide humanitarian aid (Halperin & Gross, 2011), processing of conciliatory information (Cohen-Chen, Halperin, Porat, & Bar-Tal, 2014), and forgiveness (Moeschberger, Dixon, Niens, & Cairns, 2005). Recently, experimentally induced hope has been shown to increase attitude-change (Cohen-Chen, Halperin, Crisp, & Gross, 2014;Cohen-Chen, Crisp, & Halperin, 2015;Leshem, Klar, & Flores, 2016;, establishing experiencing hope as an important factor driving attitudechange in conflict resolution processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dealing in hope: Does observing hope expressions increase conciliatory attitudes in intergroup conflict?

Cohen‐Chen

Kleef

Crisp

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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The emotion of hope has been found to play a pivotal role in intergroup conflict resolution processes. As a positive and motivating emotion, prominent group members, such as group leaders or representatives may wish to instill hope among ingroup members. One method that can be employed to instill hope is to express hope as confirmation for a specific path's merit. Three studies examined the effect of ingroup hope expressions on intergroup attitudes in conflict. Study 1 was conducted within the context of student-government relations in the UK. Results demonstrated that expressions of high hope (vs. low hope) increased support for an opportunity for conflict resolution by instilling hope among ingroup members. In Study 2 we used a fictitious conflict scenario regarding a conflict with an invading alien nation, and found that the leader's hope expressions increased support for a proposal compared to expressions of positive expectations in light of the proposal. Lastly, Study 3 was conducted within the extreme and intractable Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Findings showed that ideology moderated the effect such that expressions of hope increased support for the proposal via experienced hope in ingroup members. However, this effect was only found among Leftists, while Rightists were not affected. Findings indicate the importance of hope expressions in shaping attitudes toward opportunities for intergroup conflict resolution, while emphasizing the importance of understanding how observers interpret such expressions and are affected by them. 2. Hope As a Change-Inducing Emotion in Conflict Scholars of hope (Downie, 1963; Lopez & Snyder, 2003; Sagy & Adwan, 2006) refer to three components of hope: a wish component, which is a desire for a specific goal to materialize, an expectation component, which is the belief this future is possible, and an affective component of positive feelings about the anticipated outcome (Frijda, 1986; Lazarus, 1999; Staats & Stassen, 1985; Stotland, 1969). When applying this conceptualization to the current research, hope involves a wish or desire for conflict resolution, a belief that this future is possible, and positive affect prompted by the prospect of resolving the conflict (Leshem, 2017). Although hope is not associated with a physical action tendency (Lazarus, 1999), it has a cognitive manifestation of thinking and planning ways to achieve goals (Stotland, 1969). Hope is described as a vital coping resource (Lazarus, 1999) that guides goal-directed

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“…In contrast, mindfully attending to a counterpart's expression of hope that the situation can improve could promote helpful reciprocal attitudes from the perceiver around compromising or creatively resolving conflict. Specifically, experiencing hope, a futureoriented emotion which enables imagining a better future (Stotland, 1969), has been shown to successfully promote compromise in conflict (Cohen-Chen, Crisp, & Halperin, 2015;Cohen-Chen, Halperin, Crisp, & Gross, 2014;Saguy & Halperin, 2014) and out-group expression of hope is associated with a willingness to make concessions in conflict situations (Cohen-Chen, Crisp, & Halperin, 2017;Leshem, Klar, & Flores, 2016).…”

Section: Mindfulness Of Emotion As Both Detrimental and Beneficialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Logics and Logistics for Future Research: Appropriately Interpreting the Emotional Landscape of Multicultural Negotiation

Rees

Kopelman

2019

Negotiation Conflict Man Res

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To invigorate future teaching and research, this article discusses theoretical approaches and empirical opportunities to better understand emotional dynamics in negotiation settings across cultural contexts. We adopt a culturally informed logic of appropriateness (Kopelman, 2009) to shed light on emerging and underexplored topics in this domain. The goal of this article is to inspire scholars worldwide to engage in rigorous empirical investigations of the antecedents, consequences, mechanisms, boundary conditions, and evidence-based strategies in the combined domain of negotiation, culture, and emotion through research, teaching, and practice.Advancing cultural competence in negotiation necessitates a nuanced understanding of how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors reflect systems of beliefs, values, and norms characteristic of groups of people. To invigorate future teaching and research of negotiation across diverse cultural contexts, this article draws on existing theoretical frameworks and empirical findings of emotion in these settings to highlight key areas for innovative future research. At the Culture and Negotiation Conference in April of 2018, sponsored by the Dispute Resolution Research Center (DRRC) of the Kellogg School of Management (see Gelfand and Brett, 2019), we designed and facilitated a session that brought together junior and senior colleagues passionate to collectively brainstorm ideas about the future of negotiation, culture, and emotion research. Drawing on the expertise of participants, our goal was to formulate novel practice-oriented research questions. The success of this article, which captures the theoretical foundations and essence of our discussion, hinges on you, the reader, being inspired to innovate as you engage in negotiation, culture, and emotion scholarship, whether through research, teaching, or practice.In this article, we first ground our discussion at the intersection of negotiation, culture, and emotion scholarship. We demonstrate that research accounting for all three domains in tandem is a nascent and promising area of research. Furthermore, we articulate theoretical assumptions that may help us better We thank the participants at the Kellogg DRRC conference on culture and negotiation held in April of 2018 for collaborating to develop the research questions articulated in this manuscript. We are grateful to Jeanne Brett and Michele Gelfand for convening the conference and energizing scholars to generate discussions that challenge us to expand negotiation research and practice globally. We appreciate the editorial guidance of Michael Gross and the NCMR editorial team, as well as our colleagues who provided feedback and insights that helped us develop this article:

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Instilling Hope for Peace During Intractable Conflicts

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Imagining better societies: A social psychological framework for the study of utopian thinking and collective action

Imagining better societies: A social psychological framework for the study of utopian thinking and collective action

Dealing in hope: Does observing hope expressions increase conciliatory attitudes in intergroup conflict?

Logics and Logistics for Future Research: Appropriately Interpreting the Emotional Landscape of Multicultural Negotiation

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