Institutional and behaviour-change interventions to support COVID-19 public health measures: a review by the Lancet Commission Task Force on public health measures to suppress the pandemic

Lee, Jong Koo; Bullen, Chris; Amor, Yanis Ben; Bush, Simon R.; Colombo, Francesca; Gaviría, Alejandro; Karim, Salim Safurdeen. Abdool; Kim, Booyuel; Lavis, John N.; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Lo, Yi‐Chun; Michie, Susan; Norheim, Ole F.; Oh, Juhwan; Reddy, K. Srinath; Rostila, Mikael; Sáenz, Rocío; Smith, Liam; Thwaites, John; Were, Miriam; Xue, Lan

doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihab022

Cited by 55 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Higher per capita testing may indicate that a government’s preventive measures are more successful for managing the pandemic response [ 13 ]. This testing might also be related to previous experiences with pandemics, notably SARS and MERS, in some Asian countries, such as China and Korea [ 22 , 26 , 31 ]. These countries were more knowledgeable of virus transmission modes and were better prepared with the use of measures such as community testing, contact tracing, isolation, and quarantining of cases [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Third, there may be several variables confounding the interpretation of the number of con-firmed cases in both developed countries and developing countries. There are some con-cerns about the lack of healthcare resources needed to collect reliable data in a timely manner in low-income and developing countries [ 25 , 30 , 31 , 42 ]. In sub-Saharan Africa, most low-income countries have a low GHS Index and a low HDI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between the Human Development Index and Confirmed COVID-19 Cases by Country

et al. 2022

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It is important to understand the ultimate control of COVID-19 in all countries around the world in relation to the characteristics of developed countries, LDCs, and the variety of transmission characteristics of COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with confirmed cases of COVID-19 with a focus on the Human Development Index (HDI). The units of analysis used for the current study were countries, and dataset were aggregated from multiple sources. This study used COVID-19 data from Our World in Data, the Global Health Security Index, and the WORLD BANK. A total of 171 countries were included in the analysis. A multi-variable linear regression with a hierarchical framework was employed to investigate whether the HDI is associated with confirmed COVID-19 cases after controlling for the demographic and healthcare system characteristics of the study countries. For Model 2, which controlled for demographic and healthcare system characteristics, HDI (β = 0.46, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 2.64–10.87) and the number of physicians per 1000 people (β = 0.34, p < 0.01, 95% CI = 0.21–0.75) had significant associations with the total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people. Countries with a high HDI level are able to conduct higher per capita testing, resulting in higher numbers of confirmed cases than in countries with lower HDI levels. This study has shown evidence that could be used by governments and international organizations to identify national characteristics and provide the international cooperation necessary to develop effective prevention and intervention methods to deal with the global pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between the Human Development Index and Confirmed COVID-19 Cases by Country

et al. 2022

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“…Standard errors are presented in parentheses. 1 All statistics presented are weighted to adjust for the representativeness of individuals by gender, age range, and rural/urban location using national representative surveys; and weights are applied using inverse probability weighting. 2 An income shock is defined as lived in a household where at least one member experienced either 1) job loss, 2) nonfarm business closure, or 3) disruption of farming, livestock, fishing activities in the past 12 months.…”

Section: Respondent's Education Categories Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High levels of compliance with public health measures are critical for a successful response to COVID-19. 1 Since the start of the pandemic, most countries have implemented measures to mitigate the spread and impact of the virus, many of which require substantial behavior change -an important public health challenge. Adding to this challenge, the prolonged nature of the pandemic will require that countries maintain high levels of compliance with these measures over extended periods, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) where limited access to vaccines will extend the effects of the pandemic in these settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmasking the truth: experimental evidence of facemask compliance in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic

Grépin

Mueller

et al. 2021

Preprint

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High levels of compliance with public health measures are critical to ensuring a successful response to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, most data on compliance are self-reported. Tendency to overreport due to social desirability can yield biased estimates of compliance. We estimate rates of compliance with facemask mandates in Kenya, Nigeria, and Bangladesh using data from phone surveys conducted in March-April 2021. Data on compliance are collected from different survey modules: self-reported compliance (stated) and a list experiment (elicited). We find substantial gaps between stated and elicited rates of facemask wearing for different groups depending on specific country contexts and high levels of overreporting of facemask compliance in self-reported surveys. We observe differences in rates of self-reported facemask wearing among key groups but not using the elicited responses from the list experiment, which suggest that social desirability bias may vary by demographics. Data collected from self-reported surveys may not be reliable to monitor ongoing compliance with public health measures. Moreover, elicited compliance rates indicate levels of mask wearing are likely much lower than those estimated using self-reported data.

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“…2 Governments across the world enacted a range of measures aimed at controlling the spread of the virus, 3 and increasing healthcare capacity. 4,5 Despite these measures healthcare systems have been overwhelmed and diversion of healthcare resources to address increased demand specific to COVID-19 has been required. 6,7 The impact of this diversion of resources on the care of patients with non COVID-19 illnesses has been exacerbated by reduced staff availability due to COVID-19 infection amongst healthcare workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare Utilisation in Patients With Long-Term Conditions During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Population Based Study Across Greater Manchester, Uk

Sammut‐Powell

Williams

Sperrin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented demand on global healthcare resources. Data on whole population healthcare utilisation (HCU) across both primary and secondary care during the COVID-19 pandemic are lacking. Aim: To describe primary and secondary HCU stratified by LTCs and deprivation, during the first 19 months of COVID-19 pandemic across a large urban area in the United Kingdom. Methods: Observational HCU data between 30th-December-2019 and 1st-August-2021 were extracted from the Greater Manchester Care Record. Primary care HCU (incident prescribing and recording of healthcare information) and secondary care HCU (planned and unplanned admissions) were assessed. Results: The first national lockdown was associated with reductions in all primary HCU measures, ranging from 24.7% (24.0% to 25.5%) for incident prescribing to 84.9% (84.2% to 85.5%) for cholesterol monitoring. Secondary HCU also dropped significantly for planned (47% (42.9% to 51.5%)) and unplanned admissions (35.0% (28.3% to 41.6%)). Only secondary care had significant reductions in HCU during the second national lockdown. Primary HCU measures had not recovered to pre-pandemic levels by the end of the study. The secondary admission rate ratio between multi-morbid patients and those without LTCs increased during the first lockdown by a factor of 2.4 (2.0 to 2.9;p<0.001) for planned admissions and by 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5;p=0.006) for unplanned admissions. No significant changes in this ratio were observed in primary HCU. Different patterns in secondary care HCU were observed by LTC group. Conclusion: Major changes in primary and secondary HCU have been observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary HCU reduced more in those without LTCs and the ratio of utilisation between the most and least deprived increased for the majority of HCU measures. Overall primary HCU measures and secondary care HCU for some LTC groups had not returned to pre-pandemic levels by the end of the study.

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Institutional and behaviour-change interventions to support COVID-19 public health measures: a review by the Lancet Commission Task Force on public health measures to suppress the pandemic

Cited by 55 publications

References 68 publications

Association between the Human Development Index and Confirmed COVID-19 Cases by Country

Association between the Human Development Index and Confirmed COVID-19 Cases by Country

Unmasking the truth: experimental evidence of facemask compliance in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic

Healthcare Utilisation in Patients With Long-Term Conditions During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Population Based Study Across Greater Manchester, Uk

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