Institutional Variation in the Promotion of Racial/Ethnic Minority Faculty at US Medical Schools

Nuñez-Smith, Marcella; Ciarleglio, Maria; Sandoval-Schaefer, Teresa; Elumn, Johanna; Castillo-Page, Laura; Peduzzi, Peter; Bradley, Elizabeth H.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300552

Cited by 148 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, in the US approximately 75% of Black patients see non-Black physicians when they seek medical help (Chen, Fryer, Phillips, Wilson, & Pathman, 2005). This statistic also reflects the dramatic under representation of racial minorities in medical school and medical practice (Nunez-Smith et al, 2012). For instance, in the US, where Blacks are about 12% of the population only about 4% of all physicians self-identify as Black; this percentage has been the same for about the last 30 years (O’Reilly, 2013).…”

Section: Multilevel Processes Of Healthcare Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…As already discussed, there is a high probability that when a member of a racial minority group sees a physician, the physician will not be a member of this group (Nunez-Smith et al, 2012). These racially discordant medical interactions are usually qualitatively different from racially concordant medical interactions.…”

Section: Social Psychological Theory and Racial Healthcare Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only a small portion of medical students are from racial minorities, and minorities are also substantially under represented on medical school faculties (Nunez-Smith et al, 2012). One possible reason is for this is that, at least in the US, minority medical school faculty members have significantly lower promotion rates than White faculty (Nunez-Smith et al, 2012). This limits the opportunities for White students and faculty to have contact with equal or higher status minority group members.…”

Section: Social Psychological Approaches To the Reduction Of Healthcamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Racial healthcare disparities: A social psychological analysis

Penner

Hagiwara

Eggly

et al. 2013

European Review of Social Psychology

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Around the world, members of racial/ethnic minority groups typically experience poorer health than members of racial/ethnic majority groups. The core premise of this article is that thoughts, feelings, and behaviors related to race and ethnicity play a critical role in healthcare disparities. Social psychological theories of the origins and consequences of these thoughts, feelings, and behaviors offer critical insights into the processes responsible for these disparities and suggest interventions to address them. We present a multilevel model that explains how societal, intrapersonal, and interpersonal factors can influence ethnic/racial health disparities. We focus our literature review, including our own research, and conceptual analysis at the intrapersonal (the race-related thoughts and feelings of minority patients and non-minority physicians) and interpersonal levels (intergroup processes that affect medical interactions between minority patients and non-minority physicians). At both levels of analysis, we use theories of social categorization, social identity, contemporary forms of racial bias, stereotype activation, stigma, and other social psychological processes to identify and understand potential causes and processes of health and healthcare disparities. In the final section, we identify theory-based interventions that might reduce ethnic/racial disparities in health and healthcare.

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Section: Multilevel Processes Of Healthcare Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Social Psychological Theory and Racial Healthcare Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Psychological Approaches To the Reduction Of Healthcamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Racial healthcare disparities: A social psychological analysis

Penner

Hagiwara

Eggly

et al. 2013

European Review of Social Psychology

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“…5 • "Don't develop an employee retention strategy" (#3 6 and could be an effective retention strategy. Employers need to communicate "not only the good, but the bad and the ugly."…”

Section: Ways To Guarantee Minority Faculty Will Quit Academic Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

In Reply to Rodríguez and Campbell

Pololi

2013

Academic Medicine

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“…Institutional barriers contribute to documented minority group disparities in attaining promotions and achieving tenure (Dooris & Guidos, 2006;Fang, Moy, Colburn, & Hurley, 2000;Nunez-Smith et al, 2012). Minority faculty often do not feel well supported by the universities or departments that have recruited them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to Advancing Aging Policy-Relevant Research in Academic Settings

2016

The Gerontologist

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Policy-level changes have a significant influence on the health and well-being of aging populations. Yet there is often a gap between scientific knowledge and policy action. Although previous research has identified barriers and facilitators to effective knowledge translation, little attention has been given to the role of academic institutions in knowledge generation. This exploratory focus group study examines barriers and pathways to developing and maintaining an aging policy-relevant research agenda in academic settings, and additional challenges associated with minority group membership in this pursuit. Participants were personally committed to conducting policy-relevant research despite institutional barriers such as fewer funding opportunities and less value attributed to their research, particularly in the context of tenure and promotion. Although many viewed their research as an opportunity to make a difference, especially for underserved older adult populations, a number of minority group participants expressed that their policy research interests were marginalized. Participants offer individual and institutional-level strategies for addressing barriers, including collaborating with community members and colleagues and engaging mentors within and outside of their academic institutions. Reframing the valuation of policy research through the diversification of funding and publishing opportunities can better support scholars engaged in aging policy-relevant research.

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Institutional Variation in the Promotion of Racial/Ethnic Minority Faculty at US Medical Schools

Cited by 148 publications

References 13 publications

Racial healthcare disparities: A social psychological analysis

Racial healthcare disparities: A social psychological analysis

In Reply to Rodríguez and Campbell

Pathways to Advancing Aging Policy-Relevant Research in Academic Settings

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