Instrumental Approaches for Studying Tree-Water Relations Along Gradients of Tree Size and Forest Age

Čermák, Jan; Nadezhdina, Nadezhda

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3_15

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Conversely, diffuse-porous species exhibit considerable lateral connectivity (known as integrated flow), where multiple parts of the crown are supported by a cross-section of the xylem. Interestingly, pruning experiments show that, within the same individual, the outer xylem can exhibit sectoral connectivity, while the inner xylem can show an integrated flow pattern ( Čermák and Nadezhdina, 2011 ; Dong et al , 2019 ). In this study, the observed Gaussian radial profile with increasing sap-flux density in the inner xylem in C. hystrix ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Landscape characteristics such as slope and aspect influence the diel changes in the angle and intensity of incident light, potentially inducing azimuthal variability in sap flow ( Kumagai et al , 2007 ; Berry et al , 2016 ). Studies have shown greater connectivity between lateral branches (and leaves) and fine-root development within the same aspect of a given tree ( Čermák and Nadezhdina, 2011 ; Dong et al , 2019 ). Along the same lines, we observed that fully exposed crowns of C. hystrix exhibited shifting peaks in sap flow from north- to south-facing xylem following the north-east–south-west trajectory of sunlight, whereas the in-canopy S. racemosa and E. acuminata maintained dominant sap flow in the north-facing xylem ( Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contrasting sap flow characteristics between pioneer and late-successional tree species in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya, India

Kumar

Joseph

Bhutia

et al. 2023

Journal of Experimental Botany

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The interactive role of life-history traits and environmental forcing on plant-water relations is crucial for understanding species response to climate change but remains poorly understood in secondary tropical montane forests (TMFs). Comparing contrasting life-history traits (pioneer vs late-successional species) in a biodiverse Eastern Himalayan secondary TMF, we investigated sap flow responses in co-occurring pioneer species, Symplocos racemosa (n=5) and Eurya acuminata (n=5), and late-successional species, Castanopsis hystrix (n=3), using modified Granier’s Thermal Dissipation probes. The fast-growing pioneers S. racemosa and E. acuminata) had 2.1- and 1.6-times higher sap flux density than the late-successional C. hystrix, respectively, and exhibited characteristics of long-lived pioneer species. Significant radial and azimuthal variability in sap flow (V) between species was observed and attributed to life history traits and the canopy’s access to sunlight. Nocturnal V (1800-0500 hr) was 13.8 % of daily V and is attributed to stem recharge for evening V (1800-2300 hr) and to endogenous stomatal controls for pre-dawn V (0000-0500 hr). Both the shallow-rooted pioneer species exhibited midday depression in V attributed to photosensitivity and diel moisture stress response. In contrast, deep-rooted C. hystrix transpired unaffected across the dry season likely accessing groundwater. Thus, the secondary broadleaved TMFs, with the dominance of shallow-rooted pioneers, are more prone to the negative impacts of drier and warmer winters than primary forests, which are dominated by deep-rooted species. The study provides an empirical understanding of life-history traits and microclimate modulating plant-water use in widely distributed secondary TMFs in Eastern Himalaya and highlights their vulnerability against warmer winters and reduced snowfall due to climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrasting sap flow characteristics between pioneer and late-successional tree species in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya, India

Kumar

Joseph

Bhutia

et al. 2023

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…Two examples can be provided. (1) Spruce trees (Picea sitchensis) were grown in rows with different spacing and in soil of different moisture in Scotland (Butler et al 2010, Cermák & Nadezhdina 2011c. Measurements demonstrated that the actual absorptive root area was, on average, approximately 50% larger along rows than across (this corresponded to the distribution of coarse roots on wind-fallen trees: these always felled across, never along rows).…”

Section: Examples Of the Application Of Active Absorptive Root Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open field-applicable instrumental methods for structural and functional assessment of whole trees and stands

Čermák¹,

Nadezhdina²,

Trcala³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry Introduction 1Proper management of forest ecosystems from a biological perspective is dependent on classification of the natural environment for the purposes of phytotechnology (e.g., thinning operations) and forestry management. Functional management goals may include timber production as well as other important functions of forests in the landscape, such as water sources for people, but also for control of climate, maintenance of biological diversity, recreation, etc. for which importance often increases with time. Such functions have been working automatically in the past, but serious environmental impacts on forests associated with anthropogenic activities (e.g., air pollution, soil acidification) and global climatic change became apparent at the end of the 20 th century.Therefore long-term experience of foresters should be supplemented with additional objective information, which may be used to help solve new problems. This includes application of modern electronics, computers and other technologies, as well as collection of necessary data in the field especially pertaining to ecophysiology. This review provides only a brief description of methods suitable for studies at the whole tree and stand levels (and even higher levels). The methods are applicable under open forest conditions using mobile instrumentation approaches that can be used almost everywhere. They were tested in more than 60 sites and in over 50 woody species in Europe, USA and Australia. We focused on measurement and evaluation of macrostructure and water flow, because the maximum energy flow in ecosystems goes through water and water is the most frequent natural limiting factor of tree growth and functional states of whole trees and stands (if not considering polar regions and tops of high mountains). Ecologically oriented scientific fields and practically oriented field activities in forestry, arboristics, horticulture, hydrology, remote sensing and forensic engineering use many traditional and modern methods.Annual and seasonal stem growth are probably the most frequently studied processes in forestry. Usually institutions for forest management (IFM) base their practices on this valuable data on a large scale (e.g., national), which provide crucial information about timber production and yield. A great body of literature is available on this topic. However, strategy for the management of forest ecosystems in Europe elaborated over several centuries is focused on classification of the natural environment and determining potential natural vegetation and oriented not only toward production but also on preserving other important functions of forests in the landscape. A detailed version of this approach was successfully applied for over 80 years. The eventual impact of anthropogenic activities and global climatic changes led to development of ecophysiological methods applied to evaluate the functional state and development of forest ecosystems.These methods were usually overlooked in the past because prev...

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“…Understanding the physiological response of plants to climate variation is essential for assessing the ability of plants to cope with extreme weather conditions. Sap flow measurements integrate various tree traits including growth rate and conductance and could be employed as an indicator of plant health [19]. Determining periods of daily optimum sap flow of a plant will provide insights into the optimal climate for an individual tree.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Sap Flow Measurements to Assess the Water Requirements of Three Australian Native Tree Species

Sun

Cameron

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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The measurement of sap movement in xylem sapwood tissue using heat pulse velocity sap flow instruments has been commonly used to estimate plant transpiration. In this study, sap flow sensors (SFM1) based on the heat ratio method (HRM) were used to assess the sap flow performance of three different tree species located in the eastern suburbs of Melbourne, Australia over a 12-month period. A soil moisture budget profile featuring potential evapotranspiration and precipitation was developed to indicate soil moisture balance while the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum was established at the study site using data obtained from different monitoring instruments. The comparison of sap flow volume for the three species clearly showed that the water demand of Corymbia maculata was the highest when compared to Melaleuca styphelioides and Lophostemon confertus and the daily sap flow volume on the north side of the tree on average was 63% greater than that of the south side. By analysing the optimal temperature and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) for transpiration for all sampled trees, it was concluded that the Melaleuca styphelioides could better cope with hotter and drier weather conditions.

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Instrumental Approaches for Studying Tree-Water Relations Along Gradients of Tree Size and Forest Age

Cited by 12 publications

References 145 publications

Contrasting sap flow characteristics between pioneer and late-successional tree species in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya, India

Contrasting sap flow characteristics between pioneer and late-successional tree species in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya, India

Open field-applicable instrumental methods for structural and functional assessment of whole trees and stands

On the Use of Sap Flow Measurements to Assess the Water Requirements of Three Australian Native Tree Species

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