The Handbook of Language Variation and Change 2004
DOI: 10.1002/9780470756591.ch7
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Instrumental Phonetics

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Cited by 6 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…It has been acknowledged that the raw formant frequencies of different speakers are not directly comparable because of interspeaker variation due to inherent anatomical differences (Clopper 2009;Disner 1980;Hindle 1978;Thomas 2002;Watt et al, 2010). Specifically, vocal tract length varies by gender and age, such that men, who typically have longer vocal tracts, tend to produce vowels at lower frequency ranges than women and children (Hillenbrand et al, 1995;Peterson and Barney, 1952).…”
Section: Acoustic Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been acknowledged that the raw formant frequencies of different speakers are not directly comparable because of interspeaker variation due to inherent anatomical differences (Clopper 2009;Disner 1980;Hindle 1978;Thomas 2002;Watt et al, 2010). Specifically, vocal tract length varies by gender and age, such that men, who typically have longer vocal tracts, tend to produce vowels at lower frequency ranges than women and children (Hillenbrand et al, 1995;Peterson and Barney, 1952).…”
Section: Acoustic Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Foulkes and Docherty22 emphasize the need for a theory of the mental organization of language to account for social indexicality. At the same time, variation can also yield new insights into the cognitive organization of phonetics, phonology, morphology, and syntax 23,24…”
Section: Variation and Cognitionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Scherer suggests that methodological hurdles could be responsible in part for the scarcity of research on voice quality; there is reason to believe that the extreme complexity of the relationship between the production of voice quality and its acoustic consequences (Laver 1980; Nolan 1983) has deterred sociolinguists from investigating the phenomenon more thoroughly. Another twenty years have now transpired, and the number of studies on voice quality variation remains scant (Foulkes 2002, 2005; Thomas 2002). Nonetheless, a few noteworthy studies deserve mention.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%