“…All of the European radical right parties have many features in common, such as nationalism, welfare chauvinism (Mudde, 2007), and especially mobilisation against minorities (Buštíková, 2018). Political discourses of Marine Le Pen, Matteo Salvini, Giorgia Meloni, or top politicians of Alternative for Germany (AfD) are employing the emotional language, typically addressing negative emotions vis-à-vis the migrants, and mixing populism with wide use of negative emotions (Özer and Fatmanur, 2021;Bonansinga, 2022;Martella and Bracciale, 2022). Still, CEE party systems reveal certain specificities, based on a historical context remarkable for the lack of liberalism and the specific role of nationalism compared with Western European mainstream (Minkenberg, 2002(Minkenberg, , 2017Pirro, 2014Pirro, , 2015Pytlas, 2016).…”