Instrumentation for time-resolved measurement of ultrasound velocity deviation

Anderson, Wallace L.; Jensen, C.E.

doi:10.1109/19.31013

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Thus, TOF is calculated by subtracting arguments of equations (10) and (2), as explained in equation (11).…”

Section: The Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5A, were analyzed to detect the arrivals of first and second echoes, point 1 and 2; respectively. Afterwards, equation (11) was used to estimate TOF values, and equation (5) to calculate the corresponding USV.…”

Section: Validation Of the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, various methods have been developed to improve the time of flight (TOF) estimation accuracy. At which some of them based on the proper design of the transmitting and/or receiving system (configuration approach) , on the generation of signals with good time localization (sensor approach) , or on the usage of sophisticated digital techniques (processing approach) . The first two strategies either offer simple and low cost resolutions with very poor results, or produce accurate estimations by requiring complicated and expensive hardware.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust spectral estimation for speed of sound with phase shift correction applied online in yeast fermentation processes

Hussein

Becker

2012

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Ultrasound techniques are well suited to provide real‐time characterization of bioprocesses in non‐invasive, non‐contact, and non‐destructive low‐power consumption measurements. In this paper, a spectral analysis method was proposed to estimate time of flight (TOF) between the propagated echoes, and its corresponding speed of sound (USV). Instantaneous power spectrum distribution was used for accurate detection of echo start times, and phase shift distribution for correcting the involved phase shifts. The method was validated by reference USV for pure water at 9–30.8°C, presenting a maximum error of 0.22%, which is less than that produced by the crosscorrelation method. Sensitivity analyses indicated a precision of 6.4 × 10−3% over 50 repeated experiments, and 0.11% over two different configurations. The method was competently implemented online in a yeast fermentation process, and the calculated USV was combined with temperature and nine signal features in an artificial neural network. The network was designed by back propagation algorithm to estimate the instantaneous density of the fermentation mixture, producing a maximum error of 0.95%.

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“…Thus, TOF is calculated by subtracting arguments of equations (10) and (2), as explained in equation (11).…”

Section: The Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Validation Of the Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%