Insulin‐like growth factor‐II: its role in metabolic and endocrine disease

Abstract

SummaryInsulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is a widely expressed 7Á5 kDa mitogenic peptide hormone. Although it is abundant in serum, understanding of its physiological role is limited compared with that of IGF-I. IGF-II regulates foetal development and differentiation, but its role in adults is less well understood. Evidence suggests roles in a number of tissues including skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, bone and ovary. Altered IGF-II expression has been observed in metabolic conditions, notably obesity, diabetes and the polycystic ovary syndrome. This article summarizes what is known about the actions of IGF-II and its dysregulation in metabolic and endocrine diseases. The possible causes and consequences of dysregulation are discussed along with the implications for diagnostic tests and future research.

Endocrine And Metabolic Adaptations Of Calves To Extra-Uterine Life

“…Egli and Blum [89] showed that plasma IGF-I in suckling calves increases from day 1 to day 7 of life. Therefore, in contrast to IGF-II [90], the IGF-I status can be in neonatal calves markedly modifi ed by feeding.…”

The complex genetics of human insulin-like growth factor 2 are not reflected in public databases

“…Similar challenges affecting knowledge of other human genes should promote attempts to critically evaluate, interpret, and correct human genetic data in publicly available databases. ________________________________________ Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2 1 ), a conserved 67-amino acid, single-chain secreted protein, is intimately involved in several critical physiological processes in humans and other mammals (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). IGF2, along with IGF1 and insulin, also comprises a gene family that is found in most mammalian species (7)(8)(9).…”

The role of growth factors in extraction wound healing

“…Ovi faktori rasta imaju značajne efekte na koštanu homeostazu, sa proanaboličkom i antikataboličkom aktivnošću. Odgovorni su za razvoj i održavanje skeletnomišićnog sistema 21 . IGF-I i IGF-II stimulišu koštane ćelije na autokrin ili parakrin način delovanja putem podizanja DNA sinteze, osteokalcin sinteze i aktivnosti alkalne fosfataze 13 .…”

“…These growth factors have significant effects on bone mineral homeostasis, with proanabolic and anticatabolic activity. They are responsible for developing and maintaining musculoskeletal system 21 . IGF-I and IGF-II stimulate bone cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner by increasing DNA synthesis, osteocalcin synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity 13 .…”