Insulin Resistance in PCOS

Diamanti-Kandarakis, Evanthia; Christakou, Charikleia

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-09718-3_4

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…Although much remains unknown regarding the pathophysiology of PCOS, insulin resistance appears to play a central role in the syndrome’s development. Lean women with PCOS appear to have a form of insulin resistance intrinsic to the syndrome (2). In addition to this intrinsic insulin resistance, obese women with PCOS also demonstrate the burden of insulin resistance associated with excess adiposity (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lean women with PCOS appear to have a form of insulin resistance intrinsic to the syndrome (2). In addition to this intrinsic insulin resistance, obese women with PCOS also demonstrate the burden of insulin resistance associated with excess adiposity (2). In women with PCOS, insulin resistance is manifest clinically in increased incidence of glucose intolerance and overt type 2 diabetes (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Total and high–molecular weight adiponectin in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome

et al. 2011

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Objective-Adiponectin, an adipokine with antidiabetic properties, forms multimers, and the high molecular weight (HMW) form most closely correlates with insulin sensitivity. Therefore, we hypothesize that HMW adiponectin levels are decreased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition characterized by insulin resistance, compared to normal controls, and that HMW adiponectin correlates with testosterone and insulin sensitivity.Design and patients-Cross-sectional study involving 13 women with PCOS and 13 age-and BMI-matched normal controls.Measurements-Waist-to-hip ratios (WHR), glucose, insulin, SHBG, total testosterone, total and HMW adiponectin levels were measured after an overnight fast. Free testosterone was calculated from SHBG and total testosterone, and insulin sensitivity (S i ) was determined using a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. The study's primary outcomes were differences in total and HMW adiponectin between women with PCOS and normal control women.Results-Total adiponectin (p<0.01), HMW adiponectin (p<0.01), and the ratio of HMW to total adiponectin (S A ) (p=0.03), were lower in women with PCOS compared to normal women. Total and HMW adiponectin levels correlated inversely with WHR (p<0.01) and free testosterone (p<0.01) and positively with S i (p<0.001). Using forward stepwise multivariate analysis, HMW adiponectin and WHR, but not PCOS status, were independent predictors of S i .Conclusions-Women with PCOS have lower total and HMW adiponectin levels compared with normal women. HMW adiponectin also comprises a smaller proportion of total circulating adiponectin in women with PCOS. Alterations in HMW adiponectin levels in women with PCOS may contribute to the insulin resistance intrinsic to the syndrome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total and high–molecular weight adiponectin in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome

et al. 2011

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“…Apart from chronic oligo‐anovulation, 5 the main features of the condition include elevated levels of circulating androgens and/or clinical hyperandrogenism, 6 polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM), 3 altered gonadotrophin secretion (high LH), 7 insulin‐resistance and/or compensatory hyperinsulinaemia often associated with obesity 8,9 . Women affected by PCOS also show a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases 10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity for a more robust diagnosis of the polycystic ovary syndrome

Amato

Galluzzo

Finocchiaro

et al. 2008

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…PCOS is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age 95 96. In the United States, PCOS is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility 97.…”

Section: Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis Of Conditions Associated Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCOS is characterised by a constellation of features including clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. The estimated prevalence of insulin resistance in patients with PCOS is 50–100% 95 96 98 – 100. Additionally, most but not all patients with PCOS are obese and a significant proportion have central (visceral) obesity 95…”

Section: Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis Of Conditions Associated Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome

2008

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The epidemic of obesity is largely responsible for the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the developed world. Since 2001 with the development of the NCEP metabolic syndrome classification, simple pragmatic criteria have been available that can be applied in primary care across all continents to diagnose the syndrome. Although there is an ongoing debate about the level of thresholds that should be applied to individual features of the syndrome, it is likely that with further research a consensus will be reached in the near future. It is now clear that metabolic syndrome represents a condition of insulin resistance and ectopic fat accumulation associated with a proinflammatory and procoagulant phenotype. The syndrome is sometimes associated with other conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to discuss the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome. The review discusses the various approaches to the investigation of people with the metabolic syndrome. Simple tools for clinical and laboratory diagnosis of metabolic syndrome are described. Some of the more complex biochemical tests that are now being applied in research to the diagnosis of associated conditions, such as NAFLD, are also described.

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Insulin Resistance in PCOS

Cited by 30 publications

References 192 publications

Total and high–molecular weight adiponectin in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome

Total and high–molecular weight adiponectin in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome

The evaluation of metabolic parameters and insulin sensitivity for a more robust diagnosis of the polycystic ovary syndrome

Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome

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