Insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome among non-diabetic pre- and post-menopausal women in North Taiwan

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and its related factors among non-diabetic pre-and post-menopausal women in North Taiwan. Design: A cross-sectional study in a medical center in North Taiwan. Subjects: Five hundred and ninety-four, non-diabetic middle-aged women (age range ¼ 40-64 years, mean ¼ 48.975.4 years) were recruited. Measurements: The fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipids levels and anthropometric indices were measured. The homeostasis model assessment was applied to estimate the degree of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Metabolic syndrome was defined by using the National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP) criteria and modified NCEP criteria (waist circumference 480 cm). Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 6.2% using NCEP criteria, and 8.9% using modified NCEP criteria. Postmenopausal women had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components compared to premenopausal women except hyperglycemia and low HDL-C. In multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and menopausal status, both BMI and HOMA-IR were independently associated with the metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in post-menopausal than pre-menopausal women. Both obesity and insulin resistance may play an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome among the middle-aged women in North Taiwan.

Prevalência de síndrome metabólica e seus componentes na transição menopáusica: uma revisão sistemática

“…Em pesquisa com mulheres americanas houve diferença em relação à etnia: caucasianas apresentaram 42,3%, seguidas de afro-americanas com 34,6%, sendo as menores incidências em chinesas e japonesas (8,5% cada) e em hispânicas (6,2%) 14 . Esse resultado está de acordo com os achados nos estudos transversais, nos quais as mulheres asiáticas apresentaram menores prevalências de síndrome metabólica 21,22 . Lin et al 22 Transversal em ambulatório clínico 15,7 71,4…”

“…Esse resultado está de acordo com os achados nos estudos transversais, nos quais as mulheres asiáticas apresentaram menores prevalências de síndrome metabólica 21,22 . Lin et al 22 Transversal em ambulatório clínico 15,7 71,4…”

“…Entre esses, as prevalências mais elevadas foram registradas no trabalho realizado no Nordeste brasileiro, sendo de 76,6% nas que estavam na pré-menopausa e 85,2% em mulheres na pós-menopausa 20 . As menores prevalências foram encontradas entre as mulheres asiáticas, que apresentaram 16,4% na pré-menopausa e 29,1% na pós-menopausa 22 , sendo que esses dois estudos utilizaram o ponto de corte de 80cm para obesidade abdominal. Já nos trabalhos de base populacional, houve discrepância nos resultados encontrados.…”

Association of obesity with serum estrogen level in postmenopausal women

“…Again, waist circumference showed negative correlation with serum estrogen level in postmenopausal women. 13,15 e body mass index in postmenopausal was higher than those of premenopausal women and result was statistically (p <0.001) signi cant. Similar types of ndings were reported by di erent researchers of di erent countries.…”

“…[13][14][15][16][17][18] In this study, the waist circumference in postmenopausal women was higher than that of premenopausal women and result was statistically non signi cant. Similar types of observations were found by other workers.…”