Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver: a positron emission tomography study

Abstract

ObjectiveInsulin resistance is reflected by the rates of reduced glucose uptake (GU) into the key insulin-sensitive tissues, skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue. It is unclear whether insulin resistance occurs simultaneously in all these tissues or whether insulin resistance is tissue specific.Design and methodsWe measured GU in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver and endogenous glucose production (EGP), in a single session using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose with positron emission tomography (PET) and euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp. The study population consisted of 326 subjects without diabetes from the CMgene study cohort.ResultsSkeletal muscle GU less than 33 µmol/kg tissue/min and subcutaneous adipose tissue GU less than 11.5 µmol/kg tissue/min characterized insulin-resistant individuals. Men had considerably worse insulin suppression of EGP compared to women. By using principal component analysis (PCA), BMI inversely and skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver GU positively loaded on same principal component explaining one-third of the variation in these measures. The results were largely similar when liver GU was replaced by EGP in PCA. Liver GU and EGP were positively associated with aging.ConclusionsWe have provided threshold values, which can be used to identify tissue-specific insulin resistance. In addition, we found that insulin resistance measured by GU was only partially similar across all insulin-sensitive tissues studied, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and liver and was affected by obesity, aging and gender.

Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn. Water Extract Ameliorates Palmitate Induced Insulin Resistance by Regulating IRS1/GSK3β/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway in Human HepG2 Hepatocytes

“…has a potential to ameliorate PA-induced lipotoxicity. Moreover, IR is reflected by the reduced rates of glucose uptake into the key insulin-sensitive tissues, such as liver and adipose tissue (Honka et al, 2018). Consistent with the previous studies (Yan et al, 2016;Nie et al, 2017), the glucose uptake and consumption in IR cells were decreased when compared to the control cells, indicating that the IR cell model can be successfully built using HepG2 cells.…”

“…IR is reflected by the rates of reduced glucose uptake into the key insulin-sensitive tissues, such as liver and adipose tissue (Honka et al, 2018). Therefore, glucose uptake and consumption were determined in PA-induced HepG2 cells.…”

Oleic acid antagonizes the action of high fructose high fat diet on insulin secretion and adipose tissue β-arrestin signaling

“…PI3K phosphorylates PIP2 into PIP3 which subsequently phosphorylates Akt at serine 473 position leading to increased Akt activity (Huang et al., 2018). Activated Akt promotes glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake in peripheral tissues including liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissue (Honka et al, 2018). Therefore reduced Akt activity as observed in the current study contributes to insulin resistance in HFrHFD fed mice.…”

Chronic Adipose Tissue Inflammation Linking Obesity to Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes

“…Skeletal muscle is the principal organ for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (i.e., capable for 80% of glucose disposal in human), and muscle IR plays a key part in T2D etiology (DeFronzo and Tripathy, 2009;Honka et al, 2018). Obesity contributes to the development of chronic muscle inflammation, characterized by increased pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage infiltration (Fink et al, 2013(Fink et al, , 2014.…”