“…Flood insurance can also be quasi-compulsory, meaning that the insurance itself is voluntary, but for example, needed for taking up a property mortgage (Smolka, 2006). To explore this, several scholars have carried out 15 comparative reviews of insurance systems in different countries (Bräuninger et al, 2011;Keskitalo et al, 2014;Lamond and Penning-Rowsell, 2014;Paudel, 2012;Porrini and Schwarze, 2014;Suykens et al, 2016).…”