INTAKE OF MARINE FAT, RICH IN (n-3)-POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, MAY INCREASE BIRTHWEIGHT BY PROLONGING GESTATION

Olsen, Sjúrður F.; Hansen, Harald S.; Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.; Jensen, Benny; Nj, Secher; Sommer, Steffen; Knudsen, LisbethB.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90055-3

Cited by 218 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Also, corresponding elevations in ewe and lamb plasma DHA and EPA concentrations at birth suggest that transplacental transfer had taken place. Extension of gestation length by feeding long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated FAs has been found in previous studies in sheep (Baguma-Nibasheka et al, 1999;Pickard et al, 2004) and other species (Olsen et al, 1986), and is thought to be associated with a reduction in the synthesis of two series prostaglandins, due to increased EPA concentrations (Lands, 1986;Abayasekara and Wathes, 1999). However, studies of prostaglandin production following n-3 supplementation are not always consistent (Honstra et al, 1990;Trebble et al, 2003); therefore, further investigation into the causes of increased gestation length may be required.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Neonatal lamb vigour is improved by feeding docosahexaenoic acid in the form of algal biomass during late gestation

Pickard

Beard

Seal

et al. 2008

Animal

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To determine whether feeding a sustainable, algal source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to sheep during late pregnancy would improve neonatal lamb vigour, 48 English mule ewes, of known conception date, were divided into four treatment groups. For the last 9 weeks of gestation, ewes received one of two dietary supplements: either a DHA-rich algal biomass providing 12 g DHA/ewe per day, or a control supplement based on vegetable oil. The four dietary treatment groups (n 5 12) were: control supplement for the duration of the trial (C), DHA supplement from 9 to 6 weeks before parturition (3 week), DHA supplement from 9 to 3 weeks before parturition (6 week) and DHA supplement for the duration of the trial (9 week). Dietary supplements were fed alongside grass silage and commercial concentrate. There was a tendency for gestation length to be extended with increased duration of DHA supplementation (P 5 0.08). After parturition, the concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA in ewe and lamb plasma and colostrum were elevated in line with increased periods of DHA supplementation. Lambs from the 6-week and 9-week groups stood significantly sooner after birth than lambs from the C group (P , 0.05). These data show that neonatal vigour may be improved by the supplementation of maternal diets with DHA-rich algal biomass and that this beneficial effect depends upon the timing and/or duration of DHA allocation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Neonatal lamb vigour is improved by feeding docosahexaenoic acid in the form of algal biomass during late gestation

Pickard

Beard

Seal

et al. 2008

Animal

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“…Although a possible role of concomitant supplementation with vitamins C and E on the prevention of pre-eclampsia was not found in a recent randomised controlled supplementation trial 40 , an increased risk of pre-eclampsia associated with low plasma levels of vitamin B 12 has been recently shown 31 . On the other hand, the possible negative association between omega-3 intake and incidence of preeclampsia is controversial 35 . Two recent trials in Nepal reported increased perinatal mortality in the groups of women receiving multiple micronutrients, possibly due to an increase in birth asphyxia, resulting from larger newborn size and obstructed delivery 9,41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a dairy product fortified with multiple micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids on birth weight and gestation duration in pregnant Chilean women

Mardones

Villarroel

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that maternal food fortification with omega-3 fatty acids and multiple micronutrients increases birth weight and gestation duration, as primary outcomes. Design: Non-blinded, randomised controlled study. Setting: Pregnant women received powdered milk during their health check-ups at 19 antenatal clinics and delivered at two maternity hospitals in Santiago, Chile. Subject: Pregnant women were assigned to receive regular powdered milk (n 5 477) or a milk product fortified with multiple micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids (n 5 495). Results: Intention-to-treat analysis showed that mean birth weight was higher in the intervention group than in controls (65.4 g difference, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5-126 g; P 5 0.03) and the incidence of very preterm birth (,34 weeks) was lower (0.4% vs. 2.1%; P 5 0.03). On-treatment analysis showed a mean birth weight difference of 118 g (95% CI 47-190 g; P 5 0.001) and a relative fall in both the proportion of birth weight #3000 g (P 5 0.015) and the incidence of preeclampsia (P 5 0.015). Compliance with the experimental product was apparent from a haematological study of red-blood-cell folate at the end of pregnancy, which was performed in a sub-sample. In both types of analyses, positive differences were also present for mean gestation duration, birth length and head circumference. Nevertheless, the relatively small sample sizes allowed a statistical power of .0.80 just for mean birth weight and birth length in the on-treatment analysis; birth length in that analysis had a difference of 0.57 cm (95% CI 0.19-0.96 cm; P 5 0.003). Conclusions:The new intervention resulted in increased mean birth weight. Associations with gestation duration and most secondary outcomes need a larger sample size for confirmation.

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“…It has been hypothesised that an increased intake of longchain n-3 fatty acids, abundant in fat from fish, can delay timing of spontaneous delivery, possibly by influencing the prostaglandins involved in the initiation of delivery (Olsen et al, 1986) or through an 'anti-arrhythmic' effect on the myometrial activity (Baguma-Nibasheka et al, 1999;Olsen et al, 2003). The hypothesis has been supported by some (Olsen et al, 1992;Olsen et al, 2000;Smuts et al, 2003) but not all (Bulstra-Ramakers et al, 1995;Onwude et al, 1995;Helland et al, 2001;Knudsen et al, 2006) randomised controlled trials (Olsen 2004;Makrides et al, 2006;Szajewska et al, 2006), and by some (Olsen et al, 1991;Olsen and Secher 2002) but, again, far from all (Olsen 1994;Olsen et al, 1995;Bjerregaard and Hansen 1996;Oken et al, 2004;Rogers et al, 2004;Thorsdottir et al, 2004) observational studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of pregnancy in relation to fish oil supplementation and habitual fish intake: a randomised clinical trial with fish oil

et al. 2007

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Objective: To examine the effect of fish oil supplementation on duration of pregnancy, conditional on the woman's habitual fish intake. Design: Multicentre 1:1 randomised clinical trial of effect of fish oil in a high-risk population of pregnant women in whom habitual fish intake was assessed at randomisation. Setting: Nineteen university delivery wards in seven European countries. Subjects: Pregnant women with preterm delivery, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) in a previous pregnancy (group 1, n ¼ 495); with twin pregnancies (group 2, n ¼ 367); or with suspicion of IUGR or threatening preeclampsia in the current pregnancy (group 3, n ¼ 106). Women were stratified into low, middle, or high fish consumers. Methods: The intervention group received fish oil capsules providing 2.7 g long-chain n-3 fatty acids per day (n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)) from around week 20 (groups 1 and 2) or 6.3 g n-3 PUFA from week 33 (group 3). The control regimen was capsules with olive oil. Effect on timing of spontaneous delivery was examined by Cox regression, assuming elective delivery (occurring in 40%) as a censoring event. Analyses of effect of fish oil were intention to treat, and all analyses were adjusted for maternal smoking, age, and parity. Results: In group 1, fish oil reduced the hazard rate of spontaneous delivery (HR) by 44% (95% confidence interval 14-64%) and 39% (16-56%) in low and middle fish consumers, respectively, with no detectable effect (À56 to 33%) in high fish consumers. In groups 2 and 3, no significant effect of fish oil was detected in any of the sub-strata defined by baseline fish consumption. Conclusions: In pregnant women with previous pregnancy complications, fish oil supplementation delayed onset of delivery in low and middle, but not in high, fish consumers.

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INTAKE OF MARINE FAT, RICH IN (n-3)-POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, MAY INCREASE BIRTHWEIGHT BY PROLONGING GESTATION

Cited by 218 publications

References 13 publications

Neonatal lamb vigour is improved by feeding docosahexaenoic acid in the form of algal biomass during late gestation

Neonatal lamb vigour is improved by feeding docosahexaenoic acid in the form of algal biomass during late gestation

Effects of a dairy product fortified with multiple micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids on birth weight and gestation duration in pregnant Chilean women

Duration of pregnancy in relation to fish oil supplementation and habitual fish intake: a randomised clinical trial with fish oil

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