Intake of α-tocopherol is limited among US adults

Maras, Janice E.; Bermúdez, Odilia I.; Qiao, Ning; Bakun, Peter; Boody-Alter, Esther L.; Tucker, Katherine L.

doi:10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.004

Cited by 162 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In the current study, only healthy women had least-squares mean 6 SEM urinary a-CEHC concentrations (1.26 6 0.11 mmol/g creatinine) that approached this cutoff, whereas healthy men (0.87 6 0.11 mmol/g creatinine), women with MetS (0.77 6 0.11 mmol/g creatinine), and men with MetS (0.48 6 0.11 mmol/g creatinine) excreted less (health status, P ¼ 0.0002; sex, P ¼ 0.003, health status 3 sex, P ¼ 0.64; n ¼ 5/sex in each health status group). Given that the sample set from which we derived the cutoff was predominantly diet-conscious women (20), we expected that our current participants, who were nonusers of dietary supplements, would fall below this cutoff, which is a finding that is consistent with the 92% of men and 98% of women in the United States who fail to meet the Estimated Average Requirement for a-tocopherol (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Participants were also required to be weight stable (62 kg during the past 3 mo); be non-dietary supplement users .2 mo; have not used medications that are known to affect lipid metabolism; be nonsmokers; consume ,3 alcoholic drinks/d; have performed ,5 h of aerobic activity/wk; have no history of gastrointestinal disorders or lactose intolerance; and be willing to follow a prescribed eucaloric diet that contained 5 mg atocopherol/d, as was consistent with median intakes of Americans (22), and vitamin C at intakes that met the sex-specific Recommended Daily Allowance (23) for the 3 d preceding and during the first day of each milk intervention.…”

Section: Participants and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Metabolic syndrome increases dietary α-tocopherol requirements as assessed using urinary and plasma vitamin E catabolites: a double-blind, crossover clinical trial

Traber

Mah

Leonard

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Vitamin E supplementation improves liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which is a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We reported previously that a-tocopherol bioavailability in healthy adults is higher than in those with MetS, thereby suggesting that the latter group has increased requirements. Objective: We hypothesized that a-tocopherol catabolites a-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (a-CEHC) and a-carboxymethylbutyl hydroxychromanol (a-CMBHC) are useful biomarkers of a-tocopherol status. Design: Adults (healthy or with MetS; n = 10/group) completed a double-blind, crossover clinical trial with four 72-h interventions during which they co-ingested 15 mg hexadeuterium-labeled RRR-a-tocopherol (d 6 -a-T) with nonfat, reduced-fat, whole, or soy milk. During each intervention, we measured a-CEHC and a-CMBHC excretions in three 8-h urine collections (0-24 h) and plasma a-tocopherol, a-CEHC, and a-CMBHC concentrations at various times #72 h. Results: During the first 24 h, participants with MetS compared with healthy adults excreted 41% less a-CEHC (all values are leastsquares means 6 SEMs: 0.6 6 0.1 compared with 1.0 6 0.1 mmol/g creatinine, respectively; P = 0.002), 63% less hexadeuterium-labeled (d 6 )-a-CEHC (0.04 6 0.02 compared with 0.13 6 0.02 mmol/g creatinine, respectively; P = 0.002), and 58% less d 6 -a-CMBHC (0.017 6 0.004 compared with 0.041 6 0.004 mmol/g creatinine, respectively; P = 0.0009) and had 52% lower plasma d 6 -a-CEHC areas under the concentration curves [area under the curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC 0-24h ): 27.7 6 7.9 compared with 58.4 6 7.9 nmol/L 3 h, respectively; P = 0.01]. d 6 -a-CEHC peaked before d 6 -a-T in 77 of 80 paired plasma concentration curves. Urinary d 6 -a-CEHC 24-h concentrations were associated with the plasma AUC 0-24 h of d 6 -a-T (r = 0.53, P = 0.02) and d 6 -a-CEHC (r = 0.72, P = 0.0003), and with urinary d 6 -a-CMBHC (r = 0.88, P , 0.0001), and inversely with the plasma inflammation biomarkers C-reactive protein (r = 20.70, P = 0.0006), interleukin-10 (r = 20.59, P = 0.007), and interleukin-6 (r = 20.54, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Urinary a-CEHC and a-CMBHC are useful biomarkers to noninvasively assess a-tocopherol adequacy, especially in populations with MetS-associated hepatic dysfunction that likely impairs a-tocopherol trafficking. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01787591.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105:571-9.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Participants and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 86%

Metabolic syndrome increases dietary α-tocopherol requirements as assessed using urinary and plasma vitamin E catabolites: a double-blind, crossover clinical trial

Traber

Mah

Leonard

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…In consideration of the frequent low vitamin E intake (lower than recommended - Maras et al 2004), the tocopherols reactions during frying and similar operations have to be studied and ways able to protect tocopherols should be searched.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heating of Plant Oils-Fatty Acid Reactions versus Tocopherols Degradation

Réblová¹,

Tichovská²,

Doležal³

2009

Czech J. Food Sci.

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Abstract:Relationship between polymerised triacylglycerols formation and tocopherols degradation was studied during heating of four commercially accessible vegetable oils (rapeseed oil, classical sunflower oil, soybean oil and olive oil) on the heating plate with temperature 180°C. The content of polymerised triacylglycerols 6% (i.e. half of maximum acceptable content) was achieved after 5.3, 4.2, 4.1, and 2.6 hours of heating for olive oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil, respectively, while decrease in content of total tocopherols to 50% of the original content was achieved after 3.4, 1.6, 1.3, and 0.5 hours of heating for soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and olive oil, respectively. Because of the high degradation rate of tocopherols, decrease in content of total tocopherols to 50% of the original content was achieved at content of polymerised triacylglycerols 0.6%, 1.9%, 2.8% and 4.9% for olive oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil, respectively, i.e. markedly previous to the frying oil should be replaced.

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“…However, providing selective reactions of the lipid oxidation products with lipophilic tocopherols, and above all with the most reactive α-tocopherol (Kamal-Eldin & Appelqvist 1996), the discussed serving of French fries could cause in vivo and/or in the gastrointestinal tract (Halliwell et al 2000) a loss of α-tocopherol ranging approximately from 6% to 40% of the daily vitamin E recommended dietary allowance for adults (Eitenmiller 2004). Though these values can be in part compensated by tocopherols (α-tocopherol) contained in the consumed French fries (see below), they are quite alarming, especially with respect to frequently insufficient vitamin E intake (Maras et al 2004) and high consumption of fried foods in the groups of children and adolescents (Enns et al 2003;Rangan et al 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prooxidant capacity of thermoxidised plant oils

Réblová¹,

Součková²,

Fišnar³

et al. 2015

Czech J. Food Sci.

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Réblová Z., Součková Š., Fišnar J., Koplík R. (2015): Prooxidant capacity of thermoxidised plant oils. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 416-423.The prooxidant capacity of rapeseed, sunflower, soybean, and olive oil was determined before and after heating at a temperature of 180°C for 2, 4, and 6 hours. It was quantified as losses of α-tocopherol caused by the studied oils during 24-h incubation of their acetone-methanol solutions with addition of α-tocopherol at 30°C, whereas the decrease in α-tocopherol concentration was studied as a decrease in antioxidant capacity determined by the spectrophotometric DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. During heating of all the studied plant oils, the prooxidant capacity grew due to the formation of reactive lipid oxidation products, but, except the sunflower oil, it did not depend on the time of heating -after the initiatory increase, the prooxidant capacity typically remained approximately constant or decreased. The prooxidant capacity of the heated oils ranged from 58 mg to 360 mg α-tocopherol/kg and decreased in the order soybean oil > rapeseed oil > olive oil ≈ sunflower oil. It did not correlate with the content of polymerised triacylglycerols (except the sunflower oil) and was generally higher than the residual content of α-tocopherol.Keywords: antioxidant activity; frying; polymerised triacylglycerols; prooxidant activity; tocopherols In spite of the low acute toxicity of oxidised fats and oils (Esterbauer 1993), a lot of undesirable effects were observed in some long-term tests with them (Alexander 1981;Izaki et al. 1984;Kubow 1990;Esterbauer 1993;Chow 2007;Totani et. al. 2008;Omwamba et al. 2010). The symptoms can be related to a decreased digestibility and availability of oxidised lipids (Esterbauer 1993;Omwamba et al. 2010), an incorporation of modified fatty acids into membranes or tissues (Alexander 1981;Chow 2007) or an effect of modified fatty acids on the metabolism of essential fatty acids (Alexander 1981). But probably the most important cause consists in an increased oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract or in vivo (Omwamba et al. 2010).The lipid oxidation products formed in food are able to induce undesirable oxidation processes in vivo (Udilova et al. 2003;Chow 2007;Omwamba et al. 2010). They can oxidise proteins (oxidisable amino acids such as cysteine or tyrosine) (Gardner 1983;Chow 2007), DNA (Yang & Schaich 1996;Martinez et al. 2003), unsaturated fatty acids (Udilova et al. 2003;Gomes et al. 2008Gomes et al. , 2011 and other compounds (see below). The effects of these reactions are similar to the oxidative damage due to free radicals and other oxidants originating in some cases in vivo or entering into the body for example as a result of smoking (Willcox et al. 2004). In vivo uncontrolled oxidation (i.e. an increased oxidative stress) can participate in pathological processes and illnesses such as cardiovascular, tumour or neurodegenerative diseases (Willcox et al. 2004;Chow 2007). The oxidation of proteins, DNA or fatty acids can be...

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Intake of α-tocopherol is limited among US adults

Cited by 162 publications

References 36 publications

Metabolic syndrome increases dietary α-tocopherol requirements as assessed using urinary and plasma vitamin E catabolites: a double-blind, crossover clinical trial

Metabolic syndrome increases dietary α-tocopherol requirements as assessed using urinary and plasma vitamin E catabolites: a double-blind, crossover clinical trial

Heating of Plant Oils-Fatty Acid Reactions versus Tocopherols Degradation

Prooxidant capacity of thermoxidised plant oils

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