Integración económica México-Estados Unidos y su aprovechamiento regional en México

The trade dependence of Mexico and Canada towards the USA: An input-output approach (1965-1990)

“…However, the integration approach used by these authors focuses on changes in gross output and gross value added when a sector is extracted from the model. Therefore, this integration approach is different from the one proposed in this study, which leads to discarding the hypothetical extraction method such as the one used by Torre et al (2020).…”

“…In addition, the Motohashi (1998) dependency variable was chosen over the hypothetical extraction method as Boundi (2017) and Torre et al (2020) used it. In the case of Boundi (2017), the author makes an aggregate analysis and does not consider a sectoral analysis, which is not consistent with the analysis proposed in this paper.…”

“…Finally, as of January 1, 1994, NAFTA entered into force, establishing a free trade zone for North America. In this context of trade liberalization, multiple studies have been done on the integration of North American economies (Boundi, 2017;Torre et al, 2020;Romero, 2022). However, the discussion about integration in North America before NAFTA is limited to informal arguments.…”

“…However, the discussion about integration in North America before NAFTA is limited to informal arguments. For example, exports from Mexico to the USA before NAFTA represented 70% of Mexican exports, and by 1985, Canadian exports to the USA represented three-quarters of total exports (Torre et al, 2020;Irwin, 2017). In addition, to the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the integration of Canadian and Mexican industries with the USA prior to NAFTA.…”