Resumen En este trabajo se describe la política monetaria en México durante el proceso de reducción de inflación que ha tenido lugar durante losúltimos años. El propósito es mostrar que una vez que en una economía se alcanza una posición fiscal sostenible, el esquema de objetivos de inflación puede ser utilizado como un mecanismo eficiente para imponer disciplina en la política monetaria y de esta forma reducir la inflación de manera sostenible. En este trabajo se describen las medidas adoptadas después de la crisis de 1995 para evitar una situación de dominancia fiscal. Una vez hecho esto, se analiza el papel de la política monetaria en el proceso de reducción de la inflación, en particular su respuesta a las presiones inflacionarias. Los resultados muestran que las acciones tomadas por el Banco de México durante el proceso de reducción de la inflación fueron congruentes con las de un banco central que persigue la estabilidad de precios como su objetivo de largo plazo, es decir, con los principios que rigen un esquema de objetivos de inflación. Palabras Clave: objetivos de inflación, reducción de inflación, política monetaria.
We review some patterns of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth in the Mexican economy during the period 1991-2011 using the KLEMS data set published by INEGI in 2013. The data shows a strong positive correlation between TFP and output growth. As a result, tests were performed in order to determine a possible causality between these two variables, with the results not rejecting the hypothesis of causality running in both directions. Another pattern that also emerges from the data set is that TFP growth in Mexico tends to be fairly concentrated and highly irregular, as just a reduced share of the subsectors in any given time period tends to account for most of the TFP growth, and also because the distribution of their performance is far from being the same across time. These patterns are similar to those found in other data sets of the Mexican economy, as well as in data from the United States and the United Kingdom at different levels of aggregation.
We construct a panel data at the state level in Mexico for the years 2006, 2008 and 2011 in order to investigate the impact that entry deregulation efforts have on the cost of opening new businesses in Mexico, where this cost is taken from the Doing Business in Mexico report of the World Bank. Using a model that the controls for the financial strength of the states, market profitability, regional fixed effects, and considering endogenous effects, we find that the measures of entry deregulation are strongly associated with a reduction in the cost of opening a new business.
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