“…Recently, there has been an increase in the number of articles in which the gravity model is applied to determine export behaviour, which, directly and significantly, include Chile or the Southern Cone countries, the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) or the Andean Community (CAN) (Durso and Ochoa, 2003;Giacalone, 2003;Kamil and Ons, 2003;Martínez-Zarzoso and Nowak-Lehmann, 2003;Nicita, Olarreaga and Soloaga, 2003;Vallejo and Aguilar, 2004;Cárdenas and García, 2004;Lewer and Sáenz, 2004;Martínez-Zarzoso and Suárez-Burguet, 2004;Lara and Soloaga, 2005;López and Fernando, 2005;Sandberg, Seale and Taylor, 2006;Sá Porto and Azzoni, 2007;Serrano and Pinilla, 2008;Valenzuela-Klagges, 2011;Ramos-Martínez and others, 2012;Álvarez, Fischer and Natera, 2013;Florensa and others, 2013;Bacaria-Colom, Osorio-Caballero and Artal-Tur, 2013;Hernández, 2014;Valenzuela-Klagges and Espinoza-Brito, 2015). Several of these studies use cross -section data to apply this model; but nowadays there is a tendency to estimate the gravity model using static and panel data with fixed or random effects Burnquist, 2011, andSant' Anna andDe Souza, 2014) and dynamic effects.…”