Food allergies (FAs) in children are increasingly common, and strict allergen avoidance and safety concerns place parents at risk for anxiety (Lau et al. in Pediatr Allergy Immunol 25:236-242, 2014). Assessing parental anxiety with generic instruments may not capture the unique experience of parents managing children's FAs. This study developed and preliminarily validated the 13-item Worry About Food Allergy (WAFA) questionnaire, a measure of FA-specific parental anxiety, in an online sample of 265 parents aged 22-66 (M = 40.25) of children with FAs. The WAFA showed good internal reliability (Cronbach's α = .89) and moderate convergent validity with other anxiety measures, indicating support for a reliable measure of a discrete, specific construct. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a single factor structure. Criterion validity was established through significant, small, positive correlations with relevant allergy variables. A coherent single factor measure, the WAFA, shows promise as a screening tool for parental anxiety in pediatric practice and FA management.
Keywords Parental anxiety • Pediatric food allergy • Assessment • Measure developmentRecent prevalence rates for pediatric food allergy (FA) are estimated to be approximately 9% (Gupta et al., 2017), with 38.7% of children having a history of severe reactions (Gupta et al., 2011). Food allergy reactions can be life-threatening: In the US, every three minutes someone is sent to the emergency room due to a food allergy reaction (Clark, Espinola, Rudders, Banerji, & Camargo, 2011). The current management strategy for childhood food allergy is strict avoidance of the allergen, monitoring for cross contamination, carrying an epinephrine auto-injector, and yearly visits to the child's physician (Longo, Berti, Burks, Krauss, & Barbi, 2013). Although there is increasing focus on development of novel therapies such as allergen immunotherapy, which involves repeated exposure to increasing doses of the antigen (Burks, Laubach, & Jones, 2008), a recent analysis indicated risk for adverse reactions (Nurmatov et al., 2017), and long-term effects remain uncertain. As such, current practice in FA management generally remains focused on strict avoidance and preparation for a reaction.