Integrated CO2 Capture and Utilization Using Non-Thermal Plasmolysis

Abstract

In this work, two simple processes for carbon dioxide (CO2) such as capture and utilization have been combined to form a whole systems approach to carbon capture and utilization (CCU). The first stage utilizes a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system, which offers many benefits over current amine technologies. It was found that high selectivity can be achieved with rapid adsorption/desorption times while employing a cheap, durable sorbent that exhibits no sorbent losses and is easily regenerated by simple pressure drops. The PSA system is capable of capturing and upgrading the CO2 concentration of a waste gas stream from 12.5% to a range of higher purities. As many CCU end processes have some tolerance toward impurities in the feed, in the form of nitrogen (N2), for example, this is highly advantageous for this PSA system since CO2 purities in excess of 80% can be achieved with only a few steps and minimal energy input. Nonthermal plasma is one such technology that can tolerate, and even benefit from, small N2 impurities in the feed, therefore a 100% pure CO2 stream is not required. The second stage of this process deploys a nanosecond pulsed corona discharge reactor to split the captured CO2 into carbon monoxide (CO), which can then be used as a chemical feedstock for other syntheses. Corona discharge has proven industrial applications for gas cleaning and the benefit of pulsed power reduces the energy consumption of the system. The wire-in-cylinder geometry concentrates the volume of gas treated into the area of high electric field. Previous work has suggested that moderate conversions can be achieved (9%), compared to other non-thermal plasma methods, but with higher energy efficiencies (>60%).

Fuels for Automobiles: The Sustainable Future

“…The Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) technology is fast developing, and the potential of producing synthetic fuels from the captured carbon is exciting [2,14,28]. The CCS technology currently relies on temperature swing adsorption using amine [29].…”

“…The CCS technology currently relies on temperature swing adsorption using amine [29]. Studies, however, are on to advance the knowledge of cryogenics, membrane separation, and algae-based systems that can be adopted in the nearest future [28]. The disparity in the economics between fossil fuels and synthetic fuels is wide [29].…”

“…The high cost of producing synthetic fuels from Carbon IV Oxide (CO 2 ) is a consequence of its thermodynamic stability [28]. Studies have, however, shown possible mitigation of this with the development of non-thermal plasma technology that first reduces the CO 2 to Carbon II Oxide (CO) [30][31].…”

“…Technology for the absorption of CO 2 known as Pressure Swing Absorption (PSA) was proven to be feasible on a pilot scale. It is, however, required to conduct a techno-economic assessment of the process to determine its commercial feasibility [28]. Other studies have reported a cost reduction technology in direct capture-conversion, eliminating the high cost required for CO 2 purification [29].…”

“…The future looks bright for synthetic fuel production despite the constraints rearing its ugly head at the moment. The atmosphere has a vast amount of CO 2 that can be directly captured and utilized [27][28][29]. The water bodies (seawater) are also potential sources for synthetic fuel production [5,32] using artificial photosynthesis technology, and with committed studies can be developed to commercial scales.…”