Integrated continuous microfluidic liquid–liquid extraction

Kralj, Jason G.; Sahoo, Hemantkumar R.; Jensen, Klavs F.

doi:10.1039/b610888a

Cited by 357 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…1b, inset. Capillary force-based separation. Very few reports on membrane separation 25,32,33 and microfluidics 34,35 have used the difference in capillary forces acting on the two phases as the primary mechanism to separate emulsions or dispersions. We call this methodology capillary force-based separation (CFS).…”

Section: Wetting Behaviour Of Water and Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is significantly lower than the flux of the water (µ~1 mPa s), Q water = 509,000 l m − 2 h − 1 , predicted using the Hagen-Poiseuille relation 37 . This is because the number of pores through which water is flowing at any given time (so-called 'active pores') in CFS can be significantly lower (~1 − 10%) than the actual number of pores 35 .…”

Section: Separation Of Free Oil and Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hygro-responsive membranes for effective oil–water separation

et al. 2012

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There is a critical need for new energy-efficient solutions to separate oil-water mixtures, especially those stabilized by surfactants. Traditional membrane-based separation technologies are energy-intensive and limited, either by fouling or by the inability of a single membrane to separate all types of oil-water mixtures. Here we report membranes with hygro-responsive surfaces, which are both superhydrophilic and superoleophobic, in air and under water. our membranes can separate, for the first time, a range of different oil-water mixtures in a singleunit operation, with >99.9% separation efficiency, by using the difference in capillary forces acting on the two phases. our separation methodology is solely gravity-driven and consequently is expected to be highly energy-efficient. We anticipate that our separation methodology will have numerous applications, including the clean-up of oil spills, wastewater treatment, fuel purification and the separation of commercially relevant emulsions.

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Section: Wetting Behaviour Of Water and Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Separation Of Free Oil and Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygro-responsive membranes for effective oil–water separation

et al. 2012

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“…Segmented flow can eliminate Taylor dispersion by localizing samples as aqueous droplets or plugs formed in a stream of water-immiscible carrier fluid. [22][23][24][25] A surge of recent research into segmented flows has shown the potential of this approach for chemical measurement. Droplets or plugs from femtoliter to microliter volume can be reproducibly created using a variety of microfluidic geometries including tee junctions, 26 Yjunctions, 23 The goal of this study was to combine in vivo microdialysis sampling with a segmented flow microfluidic device to conserve temporal resolution while sample plugs were transported from the probe to a downstream detection system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Temporal Resolution for in Vivo Microdialysis by Using Segmented Flow

et al. 2008

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Microdialysis sampling probes were interfaced to a segmented flow system to improve temporal resolution for monitoring concentration dynamics. Aqueous dialysate was segmented into nanoliter plugs by pumping sample stream into the base of a tee channel structure microfabricated on a PDMS chip that had an immiscible carrier phase (perfluorodecalin) pumped into the cross arm of the tee. Varying the oil flow rate from 0.22 to 6.3 μL/min and sample flow rate from 42 to 328 nL/min allowed control of plug volume, interval between plugs, and frequency of plug generation between 6 to 28 nL, 0.6 to 10 s, and 0.1 to 1.7 Hz, respectively. Temporal resolution of the system, determined by measuring fluorescence in individual sample plugs following step changes of fluorescein concentration at the sampling probe surface, was as good as 15 s. Temporal resolution was independent of both sampling flow rate and distance that samples were pumped from the sampling probe. This effect is due to the prevention of Taylor dispersion of the sample as it was transported by segmented flow. In contrast, without flow segmentation temporal resolution was worsened from 25 to 160 s as the detection point was moved from the sampling probe to 40 cm downstream. Glucose was detected by modifying the chip to allow enzyme assay reagents to be mixed with dialysate as sample plugs formed. The resulting assay had a detection limit of 50 μM and a linear range of 0.2 to 2 mM. This system was used to measure glucose in the brain of anesthetized rats. Basal concentration was 1.5 ± 0.1 mM (n = 3) and was decreased 60% by infusion of high K + solution through the probe. These results demonstrate the potential of microdialysis with segmented flow to be used for in vivo monitoring experiments with high temporal resolution.

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“…1−4 While in analytical chemistry this application has become a standard approach for sample enrichment and isolation, 1−3 this function did not find its integration in the chemical engineering toolbox until recent years, with the emergence of microreaction technology. 4,5 The aim of this relatively new field is the enhancement of phenomena such as mass transfer and heat transmission via large area to volume ratios, while taking advantage of surface tension effects at a small scale. 5,6 These principles should be conserved across different scales of operation using a scaling-out approach, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Hydrolysis and Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Intermediate Using a Miniscale Hydrophobic Membrane Separator

Cervera-Padrell

Morthensen

Lewandowski

et al. 2012

Org. Process Res. Dev.

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Continuous hydrolysis of an active pharmaceutical ingredient intermediate, and subsequent liquid−liquid (L-L) separation of the resulting organic and aqueous phases, have been achieved using a simple PTFE tube reactor connected to a miniscale hydrophobic membrane separator. An alkoxide product, obtained in continuous mode by a Grignard reaction in THF, reacted with acidic water to produce partially miscible organic and aqueous phases containing Mg salts. Despite the partial THF− water miscibility, the two phases could be separated at total flow rates up to 40 mL/min at different flow ratios, using a PTFE membrane with 28 cm 2 of active area. A less challenging separation of water and toluene was achieved at total flow rates as high as 80 mL/min, with potential to achieve even higher flow rates. The operability and flexibility of the membrane separator and a plate coalescer were compared experimentally as well as from a physical viewpoint. Surface tension-driven L-L separation was analyzed in general terms, critically evaluating different designs. It was shown that microporous membrane L-L separation can offer very large operating windows compared to other separation devices thanks to a high capillary pressure (Laplace pressure) combined with a large number of pores per unit area offering low pressure drop. The separation device can easily be operated by means of a back-pressure regulator ensuring flow-independent separation efficiency. Simple monitoring and control strategies as well as scaling-up/out approaches are proposed, concluding that membrane-based L-L separation may become a standard unit operation for continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing.

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Integrated continuous microfluidic liquid–liquid extraction

Cited by 357 publications

References 21 publications

Hygro-responsive membranes for effective oil–water separation

Hygro-responsive membranes for effective oil–water separation

Improved Temporal Resolution for in Vivo Microdialysis by Using Segmented Flow

Continuous Hydrolysis and Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Intermediate Using a Miniscale Hydrophobic Membrane Separator

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