Integrated control of vector-borne diseases of livestock – pyrethroids: panacea or poison?

Eisler, M.; Torr, Stephen J.; Coleman, P. G.; Machila, Noreen; Morton, John

doi:10.1016/s1471-4922(03)00164-8

Cited by 65 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Over the last decade, artificial baits have been somewhat eclipsed by the increasing use of insecticidetreated cattle, as illustrated by the case of Zimbabwe (Figure 1). Insecticide-treated cattle are identical to insecticide-treated targets in their effect on a tsetse population but they have several practical advantages including being: cheaper, less susceptible to theft and vandalism and effective against tick-borne diseases (Eisler et al 2003). A further advantage of insecticide-treated cattle over artificial baits is that livestock keepers are more likely to treat their cattle than use traps and targets which are regarded as 'public goods' (Kamuanga et al 2001).…”

Section: Use Of Odour Baits To Control Morsitans Group Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfaction in vector-host interactions

Takken¹,

Knols²

2010

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Section: Use Of Odour Baits To Control Morsitans Group Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfaction in vector-host interactions

Takken¹,

Knols²

2010

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“…Area-wide application of acaricides was commonly used to manage ticks and reduce disease transmission to domesticated animals and humans. However, regulating ticks in the wild remains a challenge because effective and sustainable control is difÞcult to achieve (Pegram et al 2000, Eisler et al 2003. Aside from the high cost of synthetic acaricides, their application has created serious public concerns because of the adverse impact to the environment and nontarget organisms, and an increasing tick resistance to chemicals (Schulze et al 2001, Miller et al 2007, Schultze et al 2007, Morgan et al 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Four Tick Species, Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae), to Nootkatone From Essential Oil of Grapefruit

2011

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Toxicity of nootkatone was determined in laboratory assays against unfed nymphs of Amblyomma americanum L., Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Ixodes scapularis Say, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille. We determined the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) and 90% lethal concentration (LC90) of nootkatone by recording tick mortality 24 h after exposure in treated glass vials. Nymphs were susceptible to nootkatone with LC50 values of 0.352, 0.233, 0.169, and 0.197 microg/cm2, and LC90 values of 1.001, 0.644, 0.549, and 0.485 microg/cm2 for A. americanum, D. variabilis, I. scapularis, and R. sanguineus, respectively. The LC50 value for R. sanquineus was not significantly different from D. variabilis or I. scapularis. Other LC50 comparisons were significantly different. The LC90 for A. americanum was higher when compared with the three other tick species, which were not significantly different. Because nootkatone is volatile, we measured the amount of nootkatone recovered from duplicate-treated vials before tick exposure and from vials after tick exposure. Nootkatone recovered from vials before exposure ranged from 82 to 112% of the expected amounts. The nootkatone recovered after the 24-h exposure period ranged from 89% from vials coated with higher concentrations of nootkatone, down to 29% from vials coated with low nootkatone concentrations. Determination of the nootkatone residue after vial coating demonstrated loss of the active compound while verifying the levels of tick exposure. Toxicity of low concentrations of nootkatone to the active questing stage of ticks reported in this study provides a reference point for future formulation research to exploit nootkatone as a safe and environment-friendly tick control.

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“…An infection with one of those trypanosome species may result in a chronic, debilitating, emaciating and often fatal disease [5]. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that this problem costs Africa >US$4.5 billion per year, which includes losses in agricultural production, perennial expenditure on trypanocidal drugs and other local intervention schemes in attempts to control trypanosomosis [6,11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Virological and Serological Studies of Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus Infection on a Japanese Farm

et al. 2008

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ABSTRACT. The prevalence of trypanosome infections in tsetse flies, Glossina pallidipes, collected from Chiawa and Chakwenga in Zambia with endemic trypanosomosis was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the 550 G. pallidipes, 58 (10.5%) flies were found to harbor trypanosome DNA. Infection rates of tsetse with Trypanosoma vivax universal, Trypanosoma congolense savannah, T. congolense forest and T. congolense kilifi were 4.2% (23/550), 4.7% (26/550), 1.1% (6/550) and 1.6% (9/550), respectively. To determine the mammalian hosts of T. congolense and T. vivax infections from the tsetse flies, mammalian mitochondrion DNA of blood meal in these flies were analyzed by PCR and subsequent gene sequence analysis of the amplicons. Sequence analysis showed the presence of cytochrome b gene (cyt b) of 7 different mammalian species such as human, elephant, buffalo, goat, warthog, greater kudu and cattle. Goats which were main livestock in these areas were further examined to know the extent of its contribution in spreading the infection. We examined the prevalence of trypanosome infections in the domestic goat population in 6 settlements in Chiawa alone. Of the 86 goats sampled, 4 (4.6%), 5 (5.8%), 4 (4.6%) and 4 (4.6%) were positive for T. vivax universal, T. congolense savannah, forest and kilifi, respectively. These findings showed that the host-source of trypanosome infections in vector fly give a vital information about spread of infection. The result of this study will certainly contribute in elucidating more the epidemiology of trypanosomosis.

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Integrated control of vector-borne diseases of livestock – pyrethroids: panacea or poison?

Cited by 65 publications

References 17 publications

Olfaction in vector-host interactions

Olfaction in vector-host interactions

Susceptibility of Four Tick Species, Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae), to Nootkatone From Essential Oil of Grapefruit

Virological and Serological Studies of Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus Infection on a Japanese Farm

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