Integrated Energy Exchange Scheduling for Multimicrogrid System With Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Abstract-Electric vehicles (EVs) can be considered as flexible mobile battery storages in microgrids. For multiple microgrids in an area, coordinated scheduling on charging and discharging are required to avoid power exchange spikes between the multimicrogrid system and the main grid. In this paper, a two-stage integrated energy exchange scheduling strategy for multimicrogrid system is presented, which considers EVs as storage devices. Then several dual variables, which are representative of the marginal cost of proper constraints, are utilized to form an updated price, thereby being a modification on the original electricity price. With this updated price signal, a price-based decentralized scheduling strategy is presented for the Microgrid Central Controller (MGCC). Simulation results show that the two-stage scheduling strategy reduces the electricity cost and avoids frequent transitions between battery charging/discharging states. With the proposed decentralized scheduling strategy, each microgrid only needs to solve its local problem and limits the total power exchange within the safe range.Index Terms--Microgrid, electric vehicle, energy exchange, dual variable, updated price signal, decentralized scheduling strategy. I. NOMENCLATURE Index:i Index for microgrid,, ( ) i s B t Lower bound of the aggregate batteries' remaining energy in microgrid i during t in scenario s (kWh).Upper bound of the aggregate batteries' remaining energy in microgrid i during t in scenario s (kWh). ( ) C tOriginal electricity price during t (CNY/kWh).

Adaptive Asymptotic Tracking Control of Uncertain Time-Driven Switched Linear Systems

“…short planning horizons): as a consequence approximations or decompositions must be carried out so as to make the problem tractable. For example: in [20] linearization techniques are applied to reduce a mixedinteger nonlinear programming model to a mixed-integer linear programming: in [21] the charging problem is split into hierarchical subproblems to better handle complexity; in [22] a two-stage energy exchange scheduling strategy is presented where at the first stage the electricity cost of a microgrid is minimized and at the second stage the aggregate charging/discharging power is allocated to each EV. The openloop nature of these strategies arises from the formulation of the charging problem as an optimal control problem 'a la Pontryagin', involving open-loop control candidates.…”

Stochastic operation of home energy management systems including battery cycling

“…Another interesting model which considers explicit cycling by counting state transition in the case of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), is presented in [16]. Quadratic explicit modeling is proposed in [17] to calculate battery degradation costs.…”

The Mutual Impact of Demand Response Programs and Renewable Energies: A Survey

“…The third category in the literature is associated with flexible demand-side resources, for instance, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and demand side management solutions, specifically demand response [24][25][26]. Electric vehicles were taken into account as adaptable portable battery storages.…”

“…Electric vehicles were taken into account as adaptable portable battery storages. Moreover, a two-stage energy scheduling strategy for multiple micro grids was proposed [24]. A model of Plug-in vehicles was designed to discover a strategy to decrease the charging load peak by the considerable amount of 47% [26].…”