Integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators operating at CMOS-compatible voltages

A Theoretical Study on Rib‐Type Photonic Wires Based on LiNbO3 Thin Film on Insulator

“…This result is consistent with that predicted in Figure 4a. We note that the PW with the etching depth of H rib = 400 nm cannot support the TE 10 and hence supports only the fundamental mode TE 00 . We note that the PW with the etching depth of H rib = 400 nm cannot support the TE 10 and hence supports only the fundamental mode TE 00 .…”

“…The LNOI structure has been pioneered by the groups of Osgood [4] and Günter [5] on smaller substrates. To date, many LNOI PW devices have been demonstrated, such as (CMOS-compatible) electro-optic modulator, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] (electrooptically tunable) micro-ring or micro-disk resonator, [7,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] LNOI heterogeneous photonic device, [19] grating coupler, [30,31] photonic crystal, [7,[32][33][34] transverse-electric/magnetic (TE/TM)pass polarizer, [35] quantum optics device, [36] as well as some nonlinear devices based on periodically poled LNOI (PPLNOI) PWs. in diameter) LNOI thin-film is commercially available.…”

“…[53] Comparatively, a rib-type LNOI PW is relatively easier to fabricate. Such a type of LNOI PW may find its potential application in development of various ultra-compact micro-photonic devices, and some devices, such as electro-optic modulator, [10,17] grating coupler, [31] have been demonstrated previously. www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advtheorysimul.com…”

Lithium Niobate Metasurfaces

“…Fortunately, in recent years, there has been significant progress in high quality LN micro‐ or nanostructure fabrication, for example, thermal diffusion or proton exchange, laser writing, focused ion milling, plasma dry etching, and so on. Until now, the waveguides, photonic crystals, micro‐cavities, optical frequency converters, superbroad‐bandwidth modulators with the feature sizes of several to hundreds of micrometers have been fabricated. However, how to further reduce the sizes of the LN‐based photonic elements and meanwhile extend their functionalities are still pursued for realizing novel photonic systems with ultracompact fashion.…”

High coupling efficiency grating couplers on lithium niobate on insulator

“…Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) is emerging as a promising platform for photonic technology. Recent works highlight the potential of the high index contrast lithium niobate platform through low-loss waveguides [1], optical modulators [2,3], tunable ring resonators [4][5][6] and nonlinear effects [7]. This platform has potential to make a mark in fields ranging from telecommunications [2,3] to quantum computing and communication [8] as well as sensing [9]; however, many challenges are yet to be overcome.…”