Integrated methods for understanding and monitoring the loss of coastal archaeological sites: The case of Tochni-Lakkia, south-central Cyprus

Andreou, Georgia M.; Opitz, Rachel; Manning, Sturt W.; Fisher, Kevin D.; Sewell, David A.; Georgiou, Artemis; Urban, Thomas M.

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.01.025

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Although Cyprus's coasts have but few deep-water inlets or fully protected bays (Raban 1995:140), the small, rural anchorages identified by Demesticha suggest that the shoreline was once more sinuous, before erosion eliminated small inlets or decimated coastal sites (e.g. Late Bronze Age Maroni Tsaroukkas and Tochni Lakkia on the south coast- Manning et al 2002;Andreou et al 2017Andreou et al , 2019 (Fig. 9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maritime Narratives of Prehistoric Cyprus: Seafaring as Everyday Practice

Knapp

2020

J Mari Arch

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This paper considers the role of seafaring as an important aspect of everyday life in the communities of prehistoric Cyprus. The maritime capabilities developed by early seafarers enabled them to explore new lands and seas, tap new marine resources and make use of accessible coastal sites. Over the long term, the core activities of seafaring revolved around the exploitation of marine and coastal resources, the mobility of people and the transport and exchange of goods. On Cyprus, although we lack direct material evidence (e.g. shipwrecks, ship representations) before about 2000 BC, there is no question that beginning at least by the eleventh millennium Cal BC (Late Epipalaeolithic), early seafarers sailed between the nearby mainland and Cyprus, in all likelihood several times per year. In the long stretch of time—some 4000 years—between the Late Aceramic Neolithic and the onset of the Late Chalcolithic (ca. 6800–2700 Cal BC), most archaeologists passively accept the notion that the inhabitants of Cyprus turned their backs to the sea. In contrast, this study entertains the likelihood that Cyprus was never truly isolated from the sea, and considers maritime-related materials and practices during each era from the eleventh to the early second millennium Cal BC. In concluding, I present a broader picture of everything from rural anchorages to those invisible maritime behaviours that may help us better to understand seafaring as an everyday practice on Cyprus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maritime Narratives of Prehistoric Cyprus: Seafaring as Everyday Practice

Knapp

2020

J Mari Arch

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“…Because the coastline is eroding in this area of Cyprus (Andreou et al 2017;Andreou 2018), it should not be assumed that the current coastline is the same as the LBA one. For instance, at Tsaroukkas, the scarp in the western part of the site contains exposed architectural remains as well as a tomb (Manning et al 2014, 11-12), thus showing clear evidence of erosion.…”

Section: Figure 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

RE‐SURVEY OF THE ANCHORAGE AT MARONITSAROUKKAS, CYPRUS: DEFINING AND VIEWING A LATE BRONZE AGE COASTSCAPE

Atkins

Manning

2022

Oxford J Archaeology

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Directly offshore from the Late Cypriot (LC) site of Maroni Tsaroukkas on the south-central coast of Cyprus lie the remains of an anchorage with stone anchors, LC ceramics, and stone blocks. Initially surveyed in 1995-96, the anchorage was re-surveyed from 2017-19 to investigate and document fully the underwater site and to develop accurate underwater survey recording methodologies for defining this coastscape interaction zone. The site was surveyed by measuring finds into an established grid and using a computer-controlled camera system for photogrammetry. The results expand the known extent of the anchorage, include newly documented archaeological remains, and challenge us to re-conceptualize the area. In addition to anchors and pottery representative of maritime use, the presence of unfinished anchors and LC IA ceramic assemblages in the western part of the site indicates a LC coastal region likely once terrestrial that is now submerged, forming part of a newly identified coastscape locale.

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“…). Quantifying the drivers and rates of change of "at risk" coastal sites, using integrated geographical, geoarchaeological and geomorphological approaches, is therefore critical in developing informed approaches to the management and effective conservation of archaeological remains (Andreou et al, 2017;Franco, 1996;Marriner & Morhange, 2005).…”

Section: T 2005mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking shoreline erosion of “at risk” coastal archaeology: the example of ancient Siraf (Iran, Persian Gulf)

et al. 2018

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Successful heritage management requires a robust comprehension of the threats facing archaeological sites, at both current and future timescales. Siraf, on the Persian Gulf of Iran, is a site of national and international importance whose history stretches back to the Sassanid period (224-652 AD). In the present context of global change (drought and relative sea-level rise) and anthropogenic impacts (coastal artificialization and reduced sediment supply), the city's waterfront archaeology is undergoing significant erosion. Nonetheless, at present, the processes leading to the loss of Siraf's in situ archaeological remains are still poorly understood, including the rates, timing and drivers of coastal erosion. Here we use Landsat images to monitor shoreline changes along the Siraf coastline between 1973 and 2016. We spatially quantify the causes and impacts of surface changes along 244 transects. The results demonstrate that coastal erosion is responsible for widespread and archaeologically significant damage, with 48% of the studied transects showing erosion during the period 1973-2016. We elucidate significant temporal variations in the data and, most notably, demonstrate that continued drought since the early 2000s has impacted upon sediment supply to coastal areas, severely accentuating erosion. For instance, between 2003 and 2016, 70% of transects recorded shoreline retreat with worrying implications for the waterfront archaeology of Siraf. These quantitative results provide invaluable spatial information regarding the causes and impacts of erosion upon Siraf's waterfront heritage, in addition to furnishing a template for the protection of the city's internationally important cultural heritage.

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Integrated methods for understanding and monitoring the loss of coastal archaeological sites: The case of Tochni-Lakkia, south-central Cyprus

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Maritime Narratives of Prehistoric Cyprus: Seafaring as Everyday Practice

Maritime Narratives of Prehistoric Cyprus: Seafaring as Everyday Practice

RE‐SURVEY OF THE ANCHORAGE AT MARONITSAROUKKAS, CYPRUS: DEFINING AND VIEWING A LATE BRONZE AGE COASTSCAPE

Tracking shoreline erosion of “at risk” coastal archaeology: the example of ancient Siraf (Iran, Persian Gulf)

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