Integrated optics for astronomical interferometry

Berger, J.‐P.; Rousselet-Perraut, K.; Kern, P.; Malbet, Fabien; Schanen-Duport, Isabelle; Reynaud, François; Haguenauer, Pierre; Bénech, Pierre

doi:10.1051/aas:1999504

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…4(a) demonstrates that a monochromatic interference visibility of 99.89% at 10.6 µm wavelength could be achieved with strictly single mode combiners. This level of instrumental contrast confirms the excellent spatial filtering properties of our new 3D devices for stellar interferometers prototyping [17]. Broadband interference was also obtained in the 3-11 µm range to assess the interferometric functioning of the prototype design and technology.…”

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confidence: 71%

Three-dimensional mid-infrared photonic circuits in chalcogenide glass

et al. 2012

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We report the fabrication of single mode buried channel waveguides for the whole mid-infrared transparency range of chalcogenide sulphide glasses (λ ≤ 11 µm), by means of direct laser writing. We have explored the potential of this technology by fabricating a prototype three-dimensional three-beam combiner for future application in stellar interferometry, which delivers a monochromatic interference visibility of 99.89% at 10.6 µm, and an ultrahigh bandwidth (3-11 µm) interference visibility of 21.3%. These results demonstrate that it is possible to harness the whole transparency range offered by chalcogenide glasses on a single on-chip instrument by means of direct laser writing, a finding that may be of key significance in future technologies such as astrophotonics and biochemical sensing. . An essential step in order to unleash all of this potential science is to develop integrated optical platforms capable of addressing the technological requirements that each field demands. In this sense, the development of on-chip instruments such as optical sensors, high resolution spectrometers, or sophisticated beam combiners, is currently of high interest for the previous mentioned applications [1,2,5,6,7].Although several MIR two-dimensional (2D) planar schemes have been recently developed [8,9], these are all based on multiple-step surface deposition and processing techniques, which place inherent limits to the device design and capabilities. In this Letter, we report the single-step fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) MIR photonic circuits inside chalcogenide glass, by means of ultrashort-pulse direct laser writing (DLW) [10][11][12][13][14]. We show that the MIR waveguide cores can be tailored in both size and refractive index, and can also be spatially positioned at will inside the material, making the chip extremely robust against mechanical stress, vibrations, humidity, and temperature changes [11]. Moreover, we also evidence that the useful range of these DLW waveguides is, as suspected [12], ultimately limited by the transparency range of the material used, and not by the fabrication technique.In this work, high quality research and commercial chalcogenide sulphide glasses were used, both of which are free of highly toxic arsenic compounds. These glasses were commercial GaLaS (here after GLS) [14] and the research composition 75GeS2-15Ga2S3-4CsI-2Sb2S3-4SnS (here after GCIS) [15]. The MIR transmission upper limit of commercial GLS is known to be ~10 µm [14], while for GCIS we measured a slightly higher transmission upper limit of ~11 µm, as it is shown in Figure 1(a).

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confidence: 71%

Three-dimensional mid-infrared photonic circuits in chalcogenide glass

et al. 2012

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“…Starting from available off-the-shelves components, we demonstrated the ability of the concept to meet the requirements of interferometry [27], [28]. From the first analysis, we have developed adapted components for astronomy, with suitable designs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This component contains 2 direct Y-junctions providing a 50/50 beam splitting for photometric calibration for both inputs and one reverse Y-junction to provide the interferometric combination. This component obtained by ion exchange technique (Ag +) was fully characterized [28], [29] (see Figure 6). For these tests special care were given to the components / fiber optics connection.…”

Section: Results With Off-the-shelves Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Planar integrated optics and astronomical interferometry

Kern

Berger

Haguenauer

et al. 2001

Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IV - Physics

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Abstract. Integrated optics (IO) is an optical technology that allows to reproduce optical circuits on a planar substrate. Since 1996, we have investigated the potentiality of IO in the framework of astronomical single mode interferometry. We review in this paper the principles of IO, the requirements for interferometry and the corresponding solutions offered by IO, the results of component characterization and the possible fields of application.Keywords: Interferometry, Optical aperture synthesis, Integrated Optics, Planar Optics, Single mode optics.Abstract. L'optique intégrée est une technologie qui permet de reproduire des circuits optiques sur un substrat planaire. Depuis 1996, nous menons des recherches sur les potentialités de l'optique intégrée dans le contexte de l'interférométrie monomode en astronomie. Dans cet article, nous passons en revue les principes de l'optique intégrée, les spécifications propresà l'interférométrie et les solutions correspondantes offertes par cette technologie, les résultats de caractérisations de composants ainsi que les domaines d'application.Mots clés : interférométrie, synthèse d'ouverture optique, optique intégrée, optique planaire, optique monomode.

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“…A related development is in the field of integrated optics, which potentially allows large tables of bulk optics to be replaced by miniature devices. Whitelight interference has been achieved in the laboratory with two (Berger et al 1999) and three beams (Haguenauer et al 2000). It is too soon to estimate the impact of this technology on optical interferometers, with applications in space perhaps being the most likely.…”

Section: Interferometers Measure Fringes!mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and Infrared Interferometry

Bedding

2001

Symp. - Int. Astron. Union

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Abstract. Interferometric techniques are at the forefront of modern astronomical instrumentation. A new generation of instruments are either operating or nearing completion, including arrays of small telescopes as well as the "big guns" (VLTI and Keck). A number of space interferometers for the detection of extra-solar planets are also being planned. I will review the current state of play and describe the latest developments in the field.

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Integrated optics for astronomical interferometry

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

Three-dimensional mid-infrared photonic circuits in chalcogenide glass

Three-dimensional mid-infrared photonic circuits in chalcogenide glass

Planar integrated optics and astronomical interferometry

Optical and Infrared Interferometry

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