Integrated optimization of Power Split, Engine Thermal Management, and Cabin Heating for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Gong, Xun; Wang, Hao; Amini, Mohammad Reza; Kolmanovsky, Ilya; Sun, Jing

doi:10.1109/ccta.2019.8920605

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This sub-section designs a mode and power optimized controller (MPOC) for the power split and exhaust thermal management, with reference to the optimization-based power split strategy proposed in [41]. The optimization problem of this control strategy is described in Equation ( 4).…”

Section: The Optimization-based Power Split Methods and Its Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Integrated Optimization of Power Split and Exhaust Thermal Management on Diesel Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Zhao

Xie

et al. 2021

Energies

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To simultaneously achieve high fuel efficiency and low emissions in a diesel hybrid electric vehicle (DHEV), it is necessary to optimize not only power split but also exhaust thermal management for emission aftertreatment systems. However, how to coordinate the power split and the exhaust thermal management to balance fuel economy improvement and emissions reduction remains a formidable challenge. In this paper, a hierarchical model predictive control (MPC) framework is proposed to coordinate the power split and the exhaust thermal management. The method consists of two parts: a fuel and thermal optimized controller (FTOC) combining the rule-based and the optimization-based methods for power split simultaneously considering fuel consumption and exhaust temperature, and a fuel post-injection thermal controller (FPTC) for exhaust thermal management with a separate fuel injection system added to the exhaust pipe. Additionally, preview information about the road grade is introduced to improve the power split by a fuel and thermal on slope forecast optimized controller (FTSFOC). Simulation results show that the hierarchical method (FTOC + FPTC) can reach the optimal exhaust temperature nearly 40 s earlier, and its total fuel consumption is also reduced by 8.9%, as compared to the sequential method under a world light test cycle (WLTC) driving cycle. Moreover, the total fuel consumption of the FTSFOC is reduced by 5.2%, as compared to the fuel and thermal on sensor-information optimized controller (FTSOC) working with real-time road grade information.

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Section: The Optimization-based Power Split Methods and Its Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Integrated Optimization of Power Split and Exhaust Thermal Management on Diesel Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Zhao

Xie

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…When there is cabin heating demand, a part of the thermal energy stored in the coolant is transferred to the cabin at the heater cores. The dynamics of the engine coolant temperature [12] sampled at T s = 1 sec is modeled as follows [13]:…”

Section: B Engine Coolant Thermal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we assume there is no heating requirement for the cabin, as we focus on the operation of the vehicle in the summer, during which the A/C system is used for cooling the cabin air. The model (2) has been experimentally validated using the data collected from the test vehicle over highway and city driving cycles in Ann Arbor, MI, and the results are reported in [13].…”

Section: B Engine Coolant Thermal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Responses of Connected HEVs Engine and Aftertreatment Systems to Eco-Driving

Amini

Feng

Wang

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)

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Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have been recognized as providing unprecedented opportunities for substantial fuel economy improvement through CAV-based vehicle speed trajectory optimization (eco-driving). At the same time, the implications of the CAV operation on thermal responses, including those of engine and exhaust aftertreatment system, have not been fully investigated. To this end, firstly, a sequential optimization framework for vehicle speed trajectory planning and powertrain control in hybrid electric CAVs is proposed in this paper. Next, the impact of eco-driving and power split optimization on the engine and catalytic converter thermal responses, as well as on the tailpipe emissions is characterized. Despite an average 16% improvement in fuel economy through sequential optimization, this study shows that eco-driving slows down the thermal responses, which could unfavorably affect the tailpipe emissions.

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“…As shown in previous studies [11][12][13][14][15], integrated power and thermal management (iPTM) of CAVs can greatly benefit from leveraging the coupling between power and thermal loads and accounting for the timescale separation between power and thermal dynamic responses. Along these lines, energy-efficient strategies for cooling (i.e., eco-cooling) of cabin [11,[16][17][18] and battery [13,[19][20][21], as well as iPTM strategies for co-optimization of engine, cabin, and aftertreatment systems [12,14,15,22,23] have been developed. When conflated with technologies focused on traction power optimization (e.g., eco-driving), efficient thermal management of CAVs is shown to have the potential for delivering fuel-savings of up to 18-20% [12,22,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once the coolant temperature drops to below a certain threshold (e.g. 40-50 o C [15,23]), the engine is commanded to run to generate heat-even if there is no demand for driving. Such thermostat-like regulation of the coolant temperature leads to inefficient use of the coolant as thermal energy storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Validation of Eco-Driving and Eco-Heating Strategies for Connected and Automated HEVs

Amini

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This paper presents experimental results that validate eco-driving and eco-heating strategies developed for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). By exploiting vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, traffic signal timing, and queue length estimations, optimized and smoothed speed profiles for the ego-vehicle are generated to reduce energy consumption. Next, the planned eco-trajectories are incorporated into a real-time predictive optimization framework that coordinates the cabin thermal load (in cold weather) with the speed preview, i.e., eco-heating. To enable eco-heating, the engine coolant (as the only heat source for cabin heating) and the cabin air are leveraged as two thermal energy storages. Our eco-heating strategy stores thermal energy in the engine coolant and cabin air while the vehicle is driving at high speeds, and releases the stored energy slowly during the vehicle stops for cabin heating without forcing the engine to idle to provide the heating source. To test and validate these solutions, a power-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has been instrumented for cabin thermal management, allowing to regulate heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system inputs (cabin temperature setpoint and blower flow rate) in real-time. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the energy-saving benefits of eco-driving and eco-heating strategies over realworld city driving cycles at different cold ambient temperatures. The data confirmed average fuel savings of 14.5% and 4.7% achieved by eco-driving and eco-heating, respectively, offering a combined energy saving of more than 19% when comparing to the baseline vehicle driven by a human driver with a constant-heating strategy.

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Integrated optimization of Power Split, Engine Thermal Management, and Cabin Heating for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Modeling and Integrated Optimization of Power Split and Exhaust Thermal Management on Diesel Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Modeling and Integrated Optimization of Power Split and Exhaust Thermal Management on Diesel Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Thermal Responses of Connected HEVs Engine and Aftertreatment Systems to Eco-Driving

Experimental Validation of Eco-Driving and Eco-Heating Strategies for Connected and Automated HEVs

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