Integrated Product and Process Design for a Flapping Wing Drive Mechanism

Bejgerowski, Wojciech; Ananthanarayanan, Arvind; Mueller, Dominik; Gupta, Satyandra K.

doi:10.1115/1.3116258

Cited by 70 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…1, using a novel drive mechanism and compliant wing design [16]. This MAV is capable of sustained flight with controlled ascent and descent both indoors and outdoors ( Fig.…”

Section: Compliant Flapping Wing Mavmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Thrust and Lift Forces Associated With Drag of Compliant Flapping Wing for Micro Air Vehicles Using a New Test Stand Design

2009

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Compliant wing designs have the potential of improving flapping wing Micro-Air Vehicles (MAVs). Designing compliant wings requires a detailed understanding of the effect of compliance on the generation of thrust and lift forces. The low force and high-frequency measurements associated with these forces necessitated a new versatile test stand design that uses a 250 g load cell along with a rigid linear air bearing to minimize friction and the dynamic behavior of the test stand while isolating only the stationary thrust or lift force associated with drag generated by the wing. Moreover, this stand is relatively inexpensive and hence can be easily utilized by wing designers to optimize the wing compliance and shape. The frequency response of the wing is accurately resolved, along with wing compliance on the thrust and lift profiles. The effects of the thrust and lift force generated as a function of flapping frequency were also determined. A semi-empirical aerodynamic model of the thrust and lift generated by the flapping wing MAV on the new test stand was developed and used to evaluate the measurements. This model accounted for the drag force and the effects of the wing compliance. There was good correlation between the model predictions and experimental measurements. Also, the increase in average thrust due to increased wing compliance was experimentally quantified for the first time using the new test stand. Thus, our measurements for the first time reveal the detrimental influence of excessive compliance on drag forces during high frequency operation. In addition, we were also able to observe the useful effect of compliance on the generation of extra thrust at the beginning and end of upstrokes and downstrokes of the flapping motion.

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“…1, using a novel drive mechanism and compliant wing design [16]. This MAV is capable of sustained flight with controlled ascent and descent both indoors and outdoors ( Fig.…”

Section: Compliant Flapping Wing Mavmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Thrust and Lift Forces Associated With Drag of Compliant Flapping Wing for Micro Air Vehicles Using a New Test Stand Design

2009

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“…Motor four bar/equal 10 cm 3.0 g [5] cranks U Delaware's Motor four bar/common 36 cm 15.0 g flyer [9] crank U Tokyo's Motor four bar/common 25 cm 6.8 g flyer [10] crank U Maryland's Motor common crank/ 33 cm 12.8 g flyer [11] compliant frame Microbat MEMS Motor four bar/common 15 cm 10.5 g wing [7] crank ground link, crank, and the coupler in terms of x, R4, and ψ max . By varying x, and using the resulting link lengths to compute the flapping motion, we determined the combination of link lengths that produces near sinusoidal flapping as shown in the bottom left of Fig.…”

Section: ) Four-bar Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A flapping-wing micro air vehicle with interchangeable parts for system integration studies

Sahai

Galloway

Karpelson

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

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This paper describes the development of a unique flapping-wing micro air vehicle (FWMAV) whose major components, i.e. the motor, transmission mechanisms, and wings, are rapidly interchangeable. When coupled with a test stand that includes a 6-axis force sensor, encoder, power-recording capabilities, and high speed video, the result is a highly versatile experimental platform on which system integration studies can be conducted. This paper provides a detailed description of the design and fabrication of this FWMAV whose interchangeability of parts is mostly accomplished through a novel system of tabs, slots, and retaining rods. Results of a study on energy saving elements in the transmission mechanism as well as an exploration of this effect for different wing sizes are also presented. Finally, the implications of interchangeable parts on the creation of customizable flyers are discussed.

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“…This type of actuation mechanism is not desirable because of the difficulty in its fabrication and possible fatigue issues. Considering the six-bar mechanisms, it usually uses a slider as prismatic joint in their structure [40] which is not desirable because of the frictional losses and difficulty in fabrication. These types of the mechanisms are usually used in small flapping wings with hovering capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Improved Hybrid Actuation Mechanisms for Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles: Analytical and Experimental Investigations

Hassanalian

Abdelkefi

2019

Drones

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A new strategy is proposed in order to effectively design the components of actuation mechanisms for flapping wing micro air vehicles. To this end, the merits and drawbacks of some existing types of conventional flapping actuation mechanisms are first discussed qualitatively. Second, the relationships between the design of flapping wing actuation mechanism and the entrance requirements including the upstroke and downstroke angles and flapping frequency are determined. The effects of the components of the actuation mechanism on the kinematic and kinetic parameters are investigated. It is shown that there are optimum values for different parameters in order to design an efficient mechanism. Considering the optimized features for an actuation mechanism, the design, analysis, and fabrication of a new hybrid actuation mechanism for FWMAV named "Thunder I" with fourteen components consisting of two six-bar mechanisms are performed. The results show that this designed hybrid actuation mechanism has high symmetrical flapping motion with hinged connections for all components. The proposed methodology for the modeling and fabrication of Thunder I's actuation mechanism can be utilized as guidelines to design efficient FWMAVs actuation mechanisms.Drones 2019, 3, 73 2 of 21 amplification. This mechanism could provide the hovering capability for a small size flapping wing NAV. As for flapping wing at PAV scale, Wood et al. [22] have developed modern flapping wings which use piezoelectric actuators to generate flapping motion. Selecting the appropriate actuator is considered as an important part for designing effective flapping wing. Depending on the type of the system, different actuators can be used to perform the mission including electric motors, piezoelectric elements, solenoids, and Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) wires [23][24][25][26][27].Research on flapping wing MAVs has led to a variety of actuation mechanisms which are designed for flapping motion. These actuation mechanisms are four-bar, five-bar, and six-bar mechanisms. As for the four-bar actuation mechanism, five types have been used, as shown in Figure 1 [28-30].Drones 2019, 3, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 20 mechanism for motion amplification. This mechanism could provide the hovering capability for a small size flapping wing NAV. As for flapping wing at PAV scale, Wood et al. [22] have developed modern flapping wings which use piezoelectric actuators to generate flapping motion. Selecting the appropriate actuator is considered as an important part for designing effective flapping wing. Depending on the type of the system, different actuators can be used to perform the mission including electric motors, piezoelectric elements, solenoids, and Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) wires [23][24][25][26][27].Research on flapping wing MAVs has led to a variety of actuation mechanisms which are designed for flapping motion. These actuation mechanisms are four-bar, five-bar, and six-bar mechanisms. As for the four-bar actuation mechanism, five types have been used, as shown in Figure 1 [2...

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Integrated Product and Process Design for a Flapping Wing Drive Mechanism

Cited by 70 publications

References 22 publications

Measurement of Thrust and Lift Forces Associated With Drag of Compliant Flapping Wing for Micro Air Vehicles Using a New Test Stand Design

Measurement of Thrust and Lift Forces Associated With Drag of Compliant Flapping Wing for Micro Air Vehicles Using a New Test Stand Design

A flapping-wing micro air vehicle with interchangeable parts for system integration studies

Towards Improved Hybrid Actuation Mechanisms for Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles: Analytical and Experimental Investigations

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