Integrated Receiver Including Both Receiver Channel and TDC for a Pulsed Time-of-Flight Laser Rangefinder With cm-Level Accuracy

Nissinen, Jan; Nissinen, Ilkka; Kostamovaara, J.

doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2017006

Cited by 91 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…After the stop signal arrives, the charging current is disconnected from the capacitors. By preserving the residue voltage on the capacitor at the end of each measurement interval, the quantization error q [1], which refers to the phase of the oscillator clock, is also preserved. When the following measurement is initiated, the previous quantization error will be subtracted from the next input, since the counter is only driven by the rising edge of the clock.…”

Section: A System Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Demonstrating applications can be found in the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), or in an accelerator driven system (ADS) like the multi-purpose hybrid research reactor for high-tech applications (MYRRHA): in the spallation target the position of the liquid lead-bismuth free surface needs to be monitored by a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system. It consists of a laser transmitter, two receiver frontend channels and a TDC [1]. The TDC compares the time difference between an emitted laser pulse and the reflected signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design and assessment of a 6 ps-resolution time-to-digital converter with 5 MGy gamma-dose tolerance for nuclear instrumentation

Cao

Leroux²,

Cock

et al. 2011

2011 2nd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications

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Time-to-Digital Converters (TDCs) are key building blocks in time-based mixed-signal systems, used for the digitization of analog signals in time domain. A short survey on state-of-the-art TDCs is given. In order to realize a TDC with picosecond time resolution as well as multi MGy gamma-dose radiation tolerance, a novel multi-stage noise-shaping (MASH) delta-sigma (∆Σ) TDC structure is proposed. The converter, implemented in 0.13 µm, achieves a time resolution of 5.6 ps and an ENOB of 11 bits, when the oversampling ratio (OSR) is 250. The TDC core consumes only 1.7 mW, and occupies an area of 0.11 mm 2 . Owing to the usage of circuit level radiation hardened-by-design techniques, such as passive RC oscillators and constant-gm biasing, the TDC exhibits enhanced radiation tolerance. At a low dose rate of 1.2 kGy/h, the frequency of the counting clock in the TDC remains constant up to at least 160 kGy. Even after a total dose of 3.4 MGy at a high dose rate of 30 kGy/h, the TDC still achieves a time resolution of 10.5 ps with an OSR of 250.

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Section: A System Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and assessment of a 6 ps-resolution time-to-digital converter with 5 MGy gamma-dose tolerance for nuclear instrumentation

Cao

Leroux²,

Cock

et al. 2011

2011 2nd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and Their Applications

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show abstract

“…The most popular way is to measure the amplitude of the pulse and then correct the result using a lookup table [3]. In a newly reported compensation method [11], the time interval between two threshold levels on the leading edge is measured by a TDC integrating on the same chip with receiver channel. This time interval determines the slew rate of leading edge, thus can be used to compensate the ranging results by a lookup table.…”

Section: Construction and System Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CMOS transimpedance amplifier for pulsed laser range finder

et al. 2010

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The pulsed laser range finding has been extensively applied in space exploration, military use and industry, due to its advantages over other methods of non-contact ranging in simplicity, non-cooperativeness of objects, long detecting range and short range acquisition time. The integration of its receiver channel will be beneficial to weight-lightening, miniaturization and mass production of the laser range finder. A transimpedance amplifier for receiver channel of pulsed range finder is designed using 0.6-μm CMOS technology in this work. It consists of transimpedance pre-amplifier, R-2R resistors ladder variable attenuator and post-amplifier. A regulated cascade circuit (RGC) is used to isolate the input capacitor from input node of transimpedance pre-amplifier, reducing the bandwidth suppression caused by large input capacitor. R-2R variable attenuator is implemented for digital gain control, achieving a total gain control range of 42dB with 7 steps and 6dB per step. Simulation shows that the circuit achieves a bandwidth of 83 MHz with the presence of a 5-pF input capacitor, and a maximum transimpedance of 125.5dBΩ, meeting the requirement of high-precision pulsed laser range finder.

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“…These techniques have resulted in cm-level accuracy in a wide range of pulse amplitude echoes, e.g., in a range of 1:10 000. 6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The purpose of this work is to experimentally show that in addition to these well-known timing walk error sources, the laser driving scheme also affects the timing walk. More specifically, it is shown that an avalanche driver, which is typically used for high-speed/high-power driving of semiconductor laser diodes, also introduces a relatively slowly rising current component to the high-speed switching current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the leading-edge timing walk in pulsed TOF laser range finding with avalanche bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) switch based laser diode drivers

Hintikka

Hallman

Kostamovaara

2017

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Timing walk error in pulsed time-of-flight based laser range finding was studied using two different types of laser diode drivers. The study compares avalanche bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor switch based laser pulse drivers, both producing 1.35 ns current pulse length (full width at half maximum), and investigates how the slowly rising part of the current pulse of the avalanche BJT based driver affects the leading edge timing walk. The walk error was measured to be very similar with both drivers within an input signal dynamic range of 1:10 000 (receiver bandwidth of 700 MHz) but increased rapidly with the avalanche BJT based driver at higher values of dynamic range. The slowly rising part does not exist in the current pulse produced by the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) based laser driver, and thus the MOS based driver can be utilized in a wider dynamic range.

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Integrated Receiver Including Both Receiver Channel and TDC for a Pulsed Time-of-Flight Laser Rangefinder With cm-Level Accuracy

Cited by 91 publications

References 26 publications

Design and assessment of a 6 ps-resolution time-to-digital converter with 5 MGy gamma-dose tolerance for nuclear instrumentation

Design and assessment of a 6 ps-resolution time-to-digital converter with 5 MGy gamma-dose tolerance for nuclear instrumentation

A CMOS transimpedance amplifier for pulsed laser range finder

Comparison of the leading-edge timing walk in pulsed TOF laser range finding with avalanche bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) switch based laser diode drivers

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