Integrated record of Ludlow (Upper Silurian) oceanic geobioevents – Coordination of changes in conodont, and brachiopod faunas, and stable isotopes

Spiridonov, Andrej; Stankevič, Robertas; Gečas, Tomas; Šilinskas, T.; Brazauskas, Antanas; Meidla, Tõnu; Ainsaar, Leho; Musteikis, Petras; Radzevičius, Sigitas

doi:10.1016/j.gr.2017.08.006

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…drifted cephalopod shells and weed tufts) was also a common life mode from the Ordovician onwards (Bassett et al 2009, Mergl 2010a). The Kosoidea-like medium to large sized discinids, having planar ventral valves and low conical dorsal valves, have been documented from Palaeozoic cool water environments (Morris & Sharpe 1846, Sharpe 1856, Reed 1925, Mendez-Alzola & Sprechmann 1971, Boucot 1975, Boucot et al 2001, Mergl & Massa 2005. Today, large discinids are linked with the cold Humboldt Current (Zezina 2008, Montecino & Lange 2009 and cold Benguela current (Hiller 1993) upwelling ecosystems.…”

Section: Discinoidean Brachiopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of organophosphatic brachiopods to the mid-Ludfordian (late Silurian) carbon isotope excursion and associated extinction events in the Prague Basin (Czech Republic)

Mergl¹,

Frýda²,

Kubajko³

2018

Bull. Geosci.

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The Silurian Period represents a rather unusual period in Earth history. During the last two decades several distinct and rapid changes in the Silurian global carbon cycle have been recognized. These geochemical events were closely linked to major crises in marine ecosystems as well as to palaeoclimatic changes (see Munnecke et al. 2003, Loydell 2007, Calner 2008, for reviews). The largest magnitude perturbation in the Silurian global carbon cycle, named the mid-Ludfordian carbon isotope excursion (CIE) by Kaljo et al. (1997), has been considered also to represent the largest carbon isotope excursion throughout the whole Phanerozoic and the second largest in Earth history (Munnecke et al. 2003). On the other hand, the mid-Ludfordian CIE was preceded only by moderate faunal crises referred to as the Lau conodont Bioevent (Jeppsson 1987), Kozlowskii graptolite Bioevent (Urbanek 1993), and Pentamerid Bioevent (Talent et al. 1993). The mid-Ludfordian CIE and the associated faunal turnover have been documented from many palaeocontinents, in particular from different areas of Baltica (see Kaljo et al.

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Section: Discinoidean Brachiopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of organophosphatic brachiopods to the mid-Ludfordian (late Silurian) carbon isotope excursion and associated extinction events in the Prague Basin (Czech Republic)

Mergl¹,

Frýda²,

Kubajko³

2018

Bull. Geosci.

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“…Recurrence plots are a nonlinear dynamics numerical analysis and visualization technique, which uses filtered distance matrices of ordered observations to detect patterns of similar states on all time scales 86 . This technique has been successfully applied for the detection, statistical testing and visualization of biotic events, change points, and spatial and temporal coherency in paleontological time series 87,88 . Moreover, it has been shown that recurrence patterns revealed by recurrence plots could be used as an accurate tool for characterizing climatic regimes in the Quaternary 89 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, R i , j ( ε ) is the square recurrence matrix, given threshold dissimilarity ε , θ is the Heaviside step function which gives “1” if the difference is smaller than the predetermined threshold, and “0” in an opposite case, in this case d ij = 1 − C ij , where C ij is the Morisita-Horn similarity index between two compared assemblages 88 . The threshold value of the critical similarity level was tuned automatically in order to achieve the global recurrence rate RR = 30% (0.3 of all the points were classified as “similar”).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, is the square matrix of the joint recurrence plot, is the filtering threshold of variable x , is the filtering threshold of variable y , and are the Euclidean distances between two points in time for different variables x and y 86,88,90 . The joint recurrence plot was constructed for the purpose of detecting similar fluctuations in the time series of NMDS1 (community gradients) and 1/q* (community diversities) during the Holocene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holocene vegetation patterns in southern Lithuania indicate astronomical forcing on the millennial and centennial time scales

Spiridonov

Balakauskas

Stankevič

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The Earth's biota originated and developed to its current complex state through interacting with multilevel physical forcing of our planet's climate and near and outer space phenomena. In the present study, we focus on the time scale of hundreds to thousands of years in the most recent time interval-the Holocene. Using a pollen paleocommunity dataset from southern Lithuania (Čepkeliai bog) and applying spectral analysis techniques, we tested this record for the presence of statistically significant cyclicities, which can be observed in past solar activity. The time series of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) scores, which in our case are assumed to reflect temperature variations, and Tsallis entropy-related community compositional diversity estimates q* revealed the presence of cycles on several time scales. The most consistent periodicities are characterized by periods lasting between 201 and 240 years, which is very close to the DeVries solar cycles (208 years). A shorter-term periodicity of 176 years was detected in the NMDS scores that can be putatively linked to the subharmonics of the Gleissberg solar cycle. In addition, periodicities of ≈3,760 and ≈1,880 years were found in both parameters. These periodic patterns could be explained either as originating as a harmonic nonlinear response to precession forcing, or as resulting from the long-term solar activity quasicycles that were reported in previous studies of solar activity proxies. Solar activity patterns, which are mostly determined by the highly complicated magnetohydrodynamics in its interior, have a major influence on decadal to (at least) millennial variability in weather, climate and biota 1,2. The primary evidence for the persistence of cyclic variation in solar activity over short time periods comes from direct satellite multispectral and visible light observations using telescopes 2-4. Long-term observations of the Sun's activity, including cyclic patterns, are mostly determined through studying fluctuations in cosmogenic 10 Be isotopes and Δ 14 C isotopic ratios, whose production is regulated by the combined effects of the Earth's and the Sun's magnetic fields on low-to-moderate energy cosmic rays flux into the atmosphere 5,6. Recently, nitrate (NO 3 −) concentrations in Antarctic glacier ice was suggested as an additional direct index of solar activity 7. Analyses of these direct proxies, besides the very well-known 11-year cycles, have most frequently revealed the presence of so-called DeVries (~208-year) and Gleissberg (~80-to 90-year) cycles, as well as longer cycles that modulate shorter-term periodicities 8,9. The effects of solar forcing as determined from paleoclimatic and paleobiological proxies are multifaceted and variable in magnitude and effect type. Long-term solar activity was implicated in modulating the winter precipitation patterns, and thus the glacier expansion and contraction dynamics, during the Holocene in Alaska, northwest North America and the tropical Andes 10-13. Strong support for the existence of 11-year s...

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“…However, the precise stratigraphical distributions of these taxa are not available. Spiridonov et al () reported K. variabilis (subspecies not distinct) and K. o. absidata up to about 2 m below the last occurrence of P. siluricus in western Lithuania, also, have been recorded the last occurrences of K. ortus , K . aff.…”

Section: Discussion and Correlationmentioning

confidence: 97%

First documentation of the Polygnathoides siluricus conodont Zone (Ludfordian) in South America (Argentina) and the stratigraphic significance of the younger species of Kockelella (Conodonta)

et al. 2018

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The coquinoid beds from the middle part of the Los Espejos Formation at the Poblete creek section (Talacasto Creek) yielded abundant conodonts. The genus Kockelella (Walliser) represents the most relevant biostratigraphical genus in this conodont fauna. The co‐occurrence of Kockelella maenniki Serpagli and Corradini, Kockelella variabilis ichnusae Serpagli and Corradini, K. variabilis Walliser, Kockelella ortus sardoa (Serpagli & Corradini), and Kockelella ortus absidata (Barrick & Klapper) allow us to record for the first time the Polygnathoides siluricus Zone in South America, which suggests the Ludfordian Stage (late Ludlow). We also propose an accurate correlation of the Los Espejos Formation with the lower Ludfordian deposits from the Carnic Alps, Sardinia, Morocco, Czech Republic, Gotland, and North America.

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Integrated record of Ludlow (Upper Silurian) oceanic geobioevents – Coordination of changes in conodont, and brachiopod faunas, and stable isotopes

Cited by 25 publications

References 80 publications

Response of organophosphatic brachiopods to the mid-Ludfordian (late Silurian) carbon isotope excursion and associated extinction events in the Prague Basin (Czech Republic)

Response of organophosphatic brachiopods to the mid-Ludfordian (late Silurian) carbon isotope excursion and associated extinction events in the Prague Basin (Czech Republic)

Holocene vegetation patterns in southern Lithuania indicate astronomical forcing on the millennial and centennial time scales

First documentation of the Polygnathoides siluricus conodont Zone (Ludfordian) in South America (Argentina) and the stratigraphic significance of the younger species of Kockelella (Conodonta)

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