Integrated systems for rapid point of care (PoC) blood cell analysis

Abstract

Counting the different subpopulations of cells in a fingerprick of human blood is important for a number of clinical point-of-care (PoC) applications. It is a challenge to demonstrate the integration of sample preparation and detection techniques in a single platform. In this paper we demonstrate a generic microfluidic platform that combines sample processing and characterisation and enumeration in a single, integrated system. Results of microfluidic 3-part differential leukocyte (granulocyte, lymphocyte and monocyte) counts, together with erythrocyte and thrombocyte (platelet) counts, in human blood are shown and corroborated with results from hospital clinical laboratory analysis.

Considerations for point-of-care diagnostics: evaluation of acridine orange staining and postprocessing methods for a three-part leukocyte differential test

“…dimensions, a cellphone adaptor weighing ∼18 g) and have the advantage of providing test results at or near a patient. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] In the United States, a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-waived test classification is required to use these devices in a clinical setting. It defines the test accuracy of a leukocyte differential to be within AE15% of a clinical hematology analyzer while being simple enough for an inexperienced user to operate.…”

Recent advances in microfluidic techniques for single-cell biophysical characterization

“…The same group more recently developed a microfluidic impedance flow cytometry device integrated with RBC lysis and a hemoglobin concentration measurement unit. 131,132 Besides counting blood cells, microfluidic impedance flow cytometry has also found applications in other areas, such as the measurement of cell viability and physiological differences of cells. 130 More details on impedance flow cytometry can be found elsewhere.…”

“…However, electrorotation's testing throughput is too low to generate meaningful results for diagnostic applications. Microfluidic impedance flow cytometry 127,[130][131][132] that uses opacity (ratio of high-frequency amplitude/low-frequency amplitude) as the indicator of a cell's electrical properties can offer a high throughput. Opacity is a combined effect of the cell membrane and cytoplasm.…”

Micro- and Nanotechnology for HIV/AIDS Diagnostics in Resource-Limited Settings

“…9 [117], [118]. They were subsequently able to enhance electrical differentiation of CD4+ T cells from other leukocytes by specifically attaching 2.2 μm CD4 antibody conjugated latex beads to the T cells to modify their high-and low-frequency characteristics [119].…”