2022
DOI: 10.3390/plants11141850
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Integrated Water, Nutrient, and Pesticide Management of Huanglongbing-Affected Sweet Oranges on Florida Sandy Soils—A Review

Abstract: Citrus greening (huanglonbing (HLB)) disease has drastically reduced citrus fruit production in Florida over the last two decades. Scientists have developed sustainable nutrient management practices to live with the disease and continue fruit production. Best pesticide management practices have been devised to reduce the spread of HLB by Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). However, soil application of excessive nutrients and the use of soil drench application of pesticides to huanglongbing-infected citrus groves have … Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…Conversely, IDP leaching is possible since the water content during Fall 2022 was above the field capacity at the critical root zone. In spite of this, hydraulic conductivity that facilitates water and IDP transport in sandy soils is significantly reduced within the critical root zone, thus minimizing leaching [16].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Conversely, IDP leaching is possible since the water content during Fall 2022 was above the field capacity at the critical root zone. In spite of this, hydraulic conductivity that facilitates water and IDP transport in sandy soils is significantly reduced within the critical root zone, thus minimizing leaching [16].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The management programs practiced by growers in combating citrus greening disease or huanglongbing (HLB) include optimizing fertilization practices and insecticide programs to control its vector, the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri [15][16][17]. Soil-applied systemic insecticides integrated with foliar sprays with different modes of action proved effective in reducing the ACP populations, the risk of pest resistance to insecticides, and the incidence of HLB [7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CaLas-infected trees usually exhibit yellow chlorotic mottled leaves (Inoue et al 2020). Chlorophyll breakdown can also occur as a response to biotic and abiotic stresses (Mahmoud et al 2021a(Mahmoud et al , 2022 or many macroand micronutrient deficiencies (Uthman et al 2022). The inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis or degradation can lead to ROS production and cell death (H€ ortensteiner and Kr€ autler 2011).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…HLB poses many challenges which include the similarity of its symptoms to those of other citrus diseases, a limited understanding of infection mechanisms, the uneven distribution of the pathogen within the host, and the inability to cultivate the bacterium in vitro; collectively presenting a significant hurdle for its study and thus management [30,[69][70][71]. Effective monitoring of psyllids in commercial areas and their control through insecticides is crucial for preventing the dissemination of HLB [72,73] but persistent use of insecticides like imidacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and cyantraniliprole, in excess, results in high production expenses, the emergence of resistant individuals, environmental pollution, and potential disruption of the ecological balance between pests and their natural adversaries, leading to outbreaks and pest resurgence [74][75][76][77]. So regular general practices like removing infected trees from the orchard can be followed.…”
Section: Huanglongbingmentioning
confidence: 99%