Integrating Biomass into the Organonitrogen Chemical Supply Chain: Production of Pyrrole and <scp>d</scp>‐Proline from Furfural

Song, Song; Yuen, Vincent Fung Kin; Lu, Da-Yong; Sun, Qiming; Zhou, Kang; Yan, Ning

doi:10.1002/ange.202006315

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…We established a tailor-designed catalytic system comprising two catalysts to transform furfural to pyrrole through a single-step decarbonylation−amination reaction. 3 One catalyst, Pd@S-1 with encapsulated Pd nanoparticles (NPs) in the zeolite pores, was responsible for effective furan formation (>90% yield) via decarbonylation. It exhibited higher activity and stability than supported Pd catalysts with Pd NPs on the exterior surface (Figure 6a).…”

Section: Production Of N-heterocyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Boundary of Biorefinery: Organonitrogen Chemicals from Biomass

et al. 2021

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Conspectus Organonitrogen chemicals are essential in many aspects of modern life. Over 80% of the top 200 prescribed pharmaceutical products contain at least one nitrogen atom in the molecule, while all top 10 agrochemicals contain nitrogen, just to name a few. At present, the prevailing industrial processes for manufacturing organonitrogen chemicals start from nonrenewable fossil resources, but eventually we have to make these chemicals in a more sustainable manner. Biomass represents the largest renewable carbon resource on earth, which is inexpensive and widely available. Integrating biomass into the organonitrogen chemical supply chain will mitigate the carbon footprint, diversify the product stream, and enhance the economic competitiveness of biorefinery. Short-cut synthesis routes can be created for oxygen-containing organonitrogen compounds by exploiting the inherent oxygen functionalities in the biomass resources. Moreover, for nitrogen-containing biomass components such as chitin, a unique opportunity to make organonitrogen chemicals bypassing the energy-intensive Haber–Bosch ammonia synthesis process arises. Estimated at 100 billion tons of annual production in the world, chitin captures more nitrogen than the Haber–Bosch process in the form of amide functional groups in its polymer side chain. In this Account, we intend to summarize our efforts to establish new reaction routes to synthesize valuable organonitrogen chemicals from renewable resources. Enabled by tailor-designed catalytic systems, diverse nitrogen-containing products including amines, amino acids, nitriles, and N-heterocycles have been obtained from a range of biomass feedstock either directly or via intermediate platform compounds. Two strategies to produce organonitrogen chemicals are presented. For platform chemicals derived from cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and lipids, which are enriched with oxygen functionalities, in particular, hydroxyl groups, the key chemistry to be developed is the catalytic transformation of hydroxyl groups into nitrogen-containing groups using NH3 as the nitrogen source. Along this line, Ru- and Ni-based heterogeneous catalysts are developed to convert alcohols to amines and/or nitriles via a thermal catalytic pathway, while CdS nanomaterials are explored to promote −OH to −NH2 conversion under visible-light irradiation. Metal–zeolite multifunctional systems are further established to enable the synthesis of N-heterocycles from O-heterocycles. The second strategy involves the use of chitin and chitin derivatives as the starting materials. Under the concept of shell biorefinery, distinctive protocols have been established to chemically transform chitin as the sole feedstock to amino sugars, amino alcohols, furanic amides, and N-heterocycles. By combining mechanochemistry with biotransformation, an integrated process to convert shrimp shell waste to complex, high-value, chiral compounds including tyrosine and l-DOPA is also demonstrated.

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Section: Production Of N-heterocyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the Boundary of Biorefinery: Organonitrogen Chemicals from Biomass

et al. 2021

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“…In recent times, pyrrole and D-proline production has been reported from furfural. These compounds are directly or indirectly used as a precursor in pharmaceuticals [ 125 ]. Ntimbani et al[ 126 ] produced ethanol and furfural from sugarcane bagasse.…”

Section: Circular Economy/biorefinery Approach In Bioethanol Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic Biomass Valorization for Bioethanol Production: a Circular Bioeconomy Approach

et al. 2022

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Lignocellulosic biomass generated from different sectors (agriculture, forestry, industrial) act as biorefinery precursor for production of second-generation (2G) bioethanol and other biochemicals. The integration of various conversion techniques on a single platform under biorefinery approach for production of biofuel and industrially important chemicals from LCB is gaining interest worldwide. The waste generated on utilization of bio-resources is almost negligible or zero in a biorefinery along with reduced greenhouse gas emissions, which supports the circular bioeconomy concept. The economic viability of a lignocellulosic biorefinery depends upon the efficient utilization of three major components of LCB—cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The heterogeneous structure and recalcitrant nature of LCB is main obstacle in its valorization into bioethanol and other value-added products. The success of bioconversion process depends upon methods used during pre-treatment, hydrolysis and fermentation processes. The cost involved in each step of the bioconversion process affects the viability of cellulosic ethanol. The lignocellulose biorefinery has ample scope, but much-focused research is required to fully utilize major parts of lignocellulosic biomass with zero wastage. The present review entails lignocellulosic biomass valorization for ethanol production, along with different steps involved in its production. Various value-added products produced from LCB components were also discussed. Recent technological advances and significant challenges in bioethanol production are also highlighted in addition to future perspectives. Graphical abstract

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“…Similarly to PANI, PPy also requires a doping agent to increase the electrical conductivity [ 86 ]. Recently, a single-step conversion of renewable furfural to pyrrole in 75% yield was reported, therefore, PPy can be also considered as a potential renewable polymer [ 87 ].…”

Section: Electrically Conductive Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Irreversible and Self-Healing Electrically Conductive Hydrogels Made of Bio-Based Polymers

Nada

Andicsová

Mosnáček

2022

IJMS

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Electrically conductive materials that are fabricated based on natural polymers have seen significant interest in numerous applications, especially when advanced properties such as self-healing are introduced. In this article review, the hydrogels that are based on natural polymers containing electrically conductive medium were covered, while both irreversible and reversible cross-links are presented. Among the conductive media, a special focus was put on conductive polymers, such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene, and polythiophenes, which can be potentially synthesized from renewable resources. Preparation methods of the conductive irreversible hydrogels that are based on these conductive polymers were reported observing their electrical conductivity values by Siemens per centimeter (S/cm). Additionally, the self-healing systems that were already applied or applicable in electrically conductive hydrogels that are based on natural polymers were presented and classified based on non-covalent or covalent cross-links. The real-time healing, mechanical stability, and electrically conductive values were highlighted.

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Integrating Biomass into the Organonitrogen Chemical Supply Chain: Production of Pyrrole and d‐Proline from Furfural

Cited by 25 publications

References 47 publications

Expanding the Boundary of Biorefinery: Organonitrogen Chemicals from Biomass

Expanding the Boundary of Biorefinery: Organonitrogen Chemicals from Biomass

Lignocellulosic Biomass Valorization for Bioethanol Production: a Circular Bioeconomy Approach

Irreversible and Self-Healing Electrically Conductive Hydrogels Made of Bio-Based Polymers

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