Integrating Fluidized Copper/Iron Bimetal Nanoparticles and Microwave Irradiation for Treating Chlorobenzene in Aqueous Solution

Abstract

Microwave irradiation is combined with copper/iron bimetal (Cu/Fe) nano-particles suspended in aqueous chlorobenzene solution for reducing chlorobezene activation energy to enhance its decomposition. When the metal particles are suspended in solution, the total surface area to absorb the MW energy will increase so that the heat converted from the absorbed MW energy will be distributed evenly in the solution to enhance CB decomposition. Laboratory results show that when 250 W of microwave energy is applied for 300 sec to irradiate 100 mg L -1 of CB solution containing 1 g of suspended Cu/Fe bimetallic particles, the CB removal rate is improved by 1.3 times (95.0% vs. 76.2%), and the activation energy is lowered by 3 to 6%. The integrated suspended copper/iron bimetal nano-particle and Microwave Irradiation system is confirmed to be an effective method to treat chlorobenzene.

Groundwater Water Remediation by Static Diffusion Using Nano‐Zero Valent Metals (Fe0, Cu0, Al0), n‐FeHn+, n‐Fe(OH)x, n‐FeOOH, n‐Fe‐[OxHy](n+/−)

“…Type A reactions are theoretically reversible, but in practice many are effectively irreversible (e.g., nitrate removal [10,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]129], TCE removal [10,17,[54][55][56][57]136]). For example [57], PCE (C 2 Cl 4 ) degrades to C 2 Cl 2 and TCE (C 2 CH 3 H).…”

“…DCE degrades to VC (C 2 ClH 3 ), C 2 H 2 , and C 2 H 4 . E a for PCE/TCE/chlorinated hydrocarbon removal is in the range 9.8-80 kJ mol −1 [11,136]. C 2 Cl 2 degrades to C 2 ClH, which then degrades to C 2 H 2 , which is then hydrogenated to C 2 H 4 .…”

“…The number of contaminated sites, which could benefit from n-ZVM treatment, is estimated at 350,000-400,000 in Europe, 235,000-355,000 in the United States [136,162]. The number of contaminated sites, which could benefit from n-ZVM treatment, is estimated at 350,000-400,000 in Europe, 235,000-355,000 in the United States [136,162].…”

Syngas Formation by Microwave-induced Platinum/Palladium/Rhodium Spent Catalyst

“…(13)(14)(15)(16) Microwave heat treatment technology has been successfully applied in different fields, such as removing volatile pollutants, (18) oil-water separation, (19) and treatment of halogen organic pollutants with the assistance of catalysts (nanoscale zero-valent Copper, iron, and titanium dioxide). (20)(21)(22) In this study, a Pt/Pd/Rh spent catalyst combined with micron iron powder was used to produce syngas by the partial oxidation of methane. The micron iron powder with a high dielectric constant was used to absorb microwave energy to convert it into heat energy, which was used as the heat source for syngas production and help increase the yield of production.…”

Syngas Formation by Nickel and Iron Catalysts for Partial Oxidation of Methane with Microwave Assistance

“…(16) Promising results have been obtained for the treatment of halogen pollutants by microwave treatment together with catalyst media (zero-valent Cu or Fe nanoparticles and TiO 2 ). (22)(23)(24) In this study, Ni and Fe catalysts are used for the partial oxidation of CH 4 with microwave assistance, since both Ni and Fe catalysts have high dielectric constants, enabling them to absorb microwave energy and convert it to the heat energy required for the partial oxidation to obtain syngas.…”