Integrating Soil Phosphorus Testing into Environmentally Based Agricultural Management Practices

Sims, J. T.; Edwards, Anthony C.; Schoumans, O.F.; Simard, R. R.

doi:10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900010008x

Cited by 357 publications

(270 citation statements)

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“…To increase or maintain crop productivity, P in the form of synthetic and animal-based fertilizer is applied to arable soils. However, the long-term (over)application of P in excess of plant crop requirements has increased P in surface and subsurface soils, generally over time, transforming it into various unavailable forms (Arai et al, 2005;He et al, 2009;Sims et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation and distribution of P associated with Fe and Al oxides in aggregate-sized fraction of an arable soil

Jiang¹,

Bol²,

Willbold³

et al. 2015

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. To maximize crop productivity fertilizer P is generally applied to arable soils, a significant proportion of which becomes stabilized by mineral components and in part subsequently becomes unavailable to plants. However, little is known about the relative contributions of the different organic and inorganic P bound to Fe/Al oxides in the smaller soil particles. Alkaline (NaOH-Na 2 EDTA) extraction with solution 31 P-nuclear magnetic resonance ( 31 P-NMR) spectroscopy is considered a reliable method for extracting and quantifying organic P and (some) inorganic P. However, any so-called residual P after the alkaline extraction has remained unidentified. Therefore, in the present study, the amorphous (a) and crystalline (c) Fe/Al oxide minerals and related P in soil aggregate-sized fractions (> 20, 2-20, 0.45-2 and < 0.45 µm) were specifically extracted by oxalate (a-Fe/Al oxides) and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB, both a-and c-Fe/Al oxides). These soil aggregate-sized fractions with and without the oxalate and DCB pre-treatments were then sequentially extracted by alkaline extraction prior to solution 31 P-NMR spectroscopy. This was done to quantify the P associated with a-and c-Fe/Al oxides in both alkaline extraction and the residual P of different soil aggregate-sized fractions.The results showed that overall P contents increased with decreasing size of the soil aggregate-sized fractions. However, the relative distribution and speciation of varying P forms were found to be independent of soil aggregate-size. The majority of alkaline-extractable P was in the a-Fe/Al oxide fraction (42-47 % of total P), most of which was orthophosphate (36-41 % of total P). Furthermore, still significant amounts of particularly monoester P were bound to these oxides. Intriguingly, however, Fe/Al oxides were not the main bonding sites for pyrophosphate. Residual P contained similar amounts of total P associated with both a-(11-15 % of total P) and c-Fe oxides (7-13 % of total P) in various aggregate-sized fractions, suggesting that it was likely occluded within the a-and c-Fe oxides in soil. This implies that, with the dissolution of Fe oxides, this P may be released and thus available for plants and microbial communities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation and distribution of P associated with Fe and Al oxides in aggregate-sized fraction of an arable soil

Jiang¹,

Bol²,

Willbold³

et al. 2015

Biogeosciences

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“…Soil tests P, developed to predict P fertilizer needs, are agronomically efficient, but often not well suited to assess the risk of water contamination by P (Sims 1993;Sharpley et al 1996;Sims et al 2000). In a perspective of effective and rational management of P, the priority is to include other soil characteristics with STP to estimate P fertilizer needs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Grouping soils of the Montreal Lowlands (Quebec) according to fertility and P sorption and desorption characteristics

Leclerc¹,

Nolin²,

Cluis³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Leclerc, M. L., Nolin, M. C., Cluis, D. and Simard, R. R. 2001. Grouping soils of the Montreal Lowlands (Quebec) according to fertility and P sorption and desorption characteristics. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 71-83. Soil tests P (STP) developed to estimate P fertilizer needs and designed to produce optimal economic crop yields, are often not well suited to assess potential environmental impact of fertilization practices. The objective of this study was to develop interpretative soil groupings of the Montreal Lowlands area (MLA) based on soil physico-chemical properties and on soil P sorption and desorption characteristics. Soil P sorption and desorption characteristics together with STP may help in evaluating potential risks of soil P addition. Sixty-six soil types (phases of soil series based on surface texture) were selected as representative soils of the study area. Twenty-seven soil properties were used, including Mehlich-3 extractable P and Al, ammonium-oxalate extractable P, Fe and Al, P sorption index (Psi) and Bray-2 extractable P (BR2P). Multivariate analysis was applied to generate clusters and interpret soil groupings. Principal components analysis yielded two components related: (1) to soil inherent fertility (texture) and (2) to P sorption capacity and desorption intensity. The Ward's clustering method was then applied to the first two component scores. Five soil fertility groups were obtained. Multiple discriminant analysis proposed a classification model using a small subset of variables. Five variables were selected among the soil survey characteristics for discriminating soil groups: clay content, pH measurement in water, cation exchange capacity, BR2P and ammonium-acetate extractable Mg. Adding Psi in the model improved the classification correctness. The results of this study indicate that physico-chemical properties of the surface layer used together with soil P sorptiondesorption characteristics contributed to the development of an interpretative grouping that may also be useful to assess vulnerability to water contamination by P. Les indicateurs du contenu en P disponible dans le sol, utilisés pour évaluer les besoins en fertilisants P et designés pour produire un rendement optimal des cultures, sont souvent mal adaptés pour évaluer l'impact environnemental potentiel des pratiques de fertilisation. L'objectif de cette étude était de développer un groupement interprétatif de sols de la plaine de Montréal basé sur les caractéristiques reliées au P ainsi que sur les propriétés physico-chimiques de ces sols. Les caractéristiques de sorption et de désorption du P ajoutées aux indicateurs du contenu en P disponible pourraient aider à évaluer le risque potentiel de l'ajout de P dans le sol. Soixante-six types de sols (phases de séries de sols basées sur la texture de surface) ont été sélectionnés pour représenter les sols de la région étudiée. Vingt-sept indicateurs de sol été utilisés tels que les éléments P et Al extractibles au Mehlich-3, les éléments P, Fe et Al extraits à l'oxalate d'ammonium, un...

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“…These two nutrients in poultry litter are not in the appropriate proportion for crops (Edwards & Daniel, 1992;USDA-ERS, 2000). When poultry litter is applied to agricultural areas in amounts based on the recommended N rates, P is over-supplied, leading to P accumulation in soil (Sims et al, 2000). This P has the potential to leave the fields as soluble P in runoff water and can lead to eutrophication of water bodies (Ribaudo et al, 2003;Sharpley et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus transformation in poultry litter and litter-treated Oxisol of Brazil assessed by 31P-NMR and wet chemical fractionation

Souza¹,

Ghosh

Silva³

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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SUMMARYLarge quantities of poultry litter are being produced in Brazil, which contain appreciable amounts of phosphorus (P) that could be of environmental concern. To assess the immediate environmental threat, five poultry litters composed of diverse bedding material were incubated for 43 days under greenhouse conditions. The litters consisted of: coffee bean husk (CH); wood chips (WC); rice husk (RH); ground corn cobs (CC) and ground napier grass (NG) (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), in which the change in forms of soluble P was evaluated using 31 P NMR spectroscopy. On average, 80.2 and 19.8 % of the total P in the extract, respectively, accounted for the inorganic and organic forms before incubation and 48 % of the organic P was mineralized to inorganic P in 43 days of incubation. Wide variation in the organic P mineralization rate (from 82 % -WC to 4 % -NG) was observed among litters. Inorganic orthophosphate (99.9 %) and pyrophosphate (0.1 %) were the only inorganic P forms, whereas the organic P forms orthophosphate monoesters (76.3 %) and diester (23.7 %) were detected. Diester P compounds were mineralized almost completely in all litters, except in the CH litter, within the incubation period. Pyrophosphates contributed with less than 0.5% and remained unaltered during the incubation period. Wood-chip litter had a higher organic P (40 %) content and a higher diester: monoester ratio; it was therefore mineralized rapidly, within the first 15 days, achieving steady state by the 29 th day. Distinct mineralization patterns were observed in the litter when incubated with a clayey Oxisol. The substantial decrease observed in the organic P fraction (Po) of

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Integrating Soil Phosphorus Testing into Environmentally Based Agricultural Management Practices

Cited by 357 publications

References 0 publications

Speciation and distribution of P associated with Fe and Al oxides in aggregate-sized fraction of an arable soil

Speciation and distribution of P associated with Fe and Al oxides in aggregate-sized fraction of an arable soil

Grouping soils of the Montreal Lowlands (Quebec) according to fertility and P sorption and desorption characteristics

Phosphorus transformation in poultry litter and litter-treated Oxisol of Brazil assessed by 31P-NMR and wet chemical fractionation

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