Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat

Alstermark, B.; Górska, T; Lundberg, Arne; Pettersson, L.‐G.

doi:10.1007/bf00228841

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In response to this, and following the central DCL (and DRL/DCL), but not the DRL alone, we observed indirect support for propriospinal neuron (PN) involvement in an upswing in both M1 and S1 CST sprouting in the rostral cervical segments including C3-C4 (Figures 3-4, and 8). It is important to note, however, that whilst the PN has been shown to contribute to reaching in cats (Alstermark, Lundberg, Norrsell, & Sybirska, 1981) and hand function in nonhuman primates (Isa, Ohki, Seki, & Alstermark, 2006;Kinoshita et al, 2012;Tohyama et al, 2017), evidence for a role in humans is more controversial (Pierrot-Deseilligny, 1996).…”

Section: Anatomical Bases For Bilateral M1 Cst Sproutingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive somatosensory and motor corticospinal sprouting occurs following a central dorsal column lesion in monkeys

Fisher

Lilak

Garner

et al. 2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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The corticospinal tract (CST) forms the major descending pathway mediating voluntary hand movements in primates, and originates from ∼nine cortical subdivisions in the macaque. While the terminals of spared motor CST axons are known to sprout locally within the cord in response to spinal injury, little is known about the response of the other CST subcomponents. We previously reported that following a cervical dorsal root lesion (DRL), the primary somatosensory (S1) CST terminal projection retracts to 60% of its original terminal domain, while the primary motor (M1) projection remains robust (Darian-Smith et al., J. Neurosci., 2013). In contrast, when a dorsal column lesion (DCL) is added to the DRL, the S1 CST, in addition to the M1 CST, extends its terminal projections bilaterally and caudally, well beyond normal range (Darian-Smith et al., J. Neurosci., 2014). Are these dramatic responses linked entirely to the inclusion of a CNS injury (i.e., DCL), or do the two components summate or interact? We addressed this directly, by comparing data from monkeys that received a unilateral DCL alone, with those that received either a DRL or a combined DRL/DCL. Approximately 4 months post-lesion, the S1 hand region was mapped electrophysiologically, and anterograde tracers were injected bilaterally into the region deprived of normal input, to assess spinal terminal labeling. Using multifactorial analyses, we show that following a DCL alone (i.e., cuneate fasciculus lesion), the S1 and M1 CSTs also sprout significantly and bilaterally beyond normal range, with a termination pattern suggesting some interaction between the peripheral and central lesions.

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Section: Anatomical Bases For Bilateral M1 Cst Sproutingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive somatosensory and motor corticospinal sprouting occurs following a central dorsal column lesion in monkeys

Fisher

Lilak

Garner

et al. 2018

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…The functional significance of the SLR In humans, involuntary corrective muscle responses can occur within 80-100 ms of a visual perturbation or a jump in target location (Saijo et al, 2005;Fautrelle et al, 2010;Perfiliev et al, 2010), and these fast corrections are dissociable from slower, voluntary corrections (Day & Brown, 2001). The fast online correction is mediated by a spinal circuit that modulates ongoing corticospinal drive, and it is abolished by lesions in the reticulospinal tract (Alstermark et al, 1990;Pettersson et al, 1997;Pettersson & Perfiliev, 2002). Given that our results implicate a tectoreticulospinal pathway for the SLR, a tempting hypothesis is that the SLR is a modulatory signal that has significant kinematic repercussions only when it is modifying ongoing corticospinal drive; it may represent the first step in a two-stage process of online reach trajectory modification (Gomi, 2008;Fautrelle & Bonnetblanc, 2012).…”

Section: Linking Physiological Tremor To Sensorimotor Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient visual responses reset the phase of low‐frequency oscillations in the skeletomotor periphery

Wood

Corneil

et al. 2015

Eur J of Neuroscience

126

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We recorded muscle activity from an upper limb muscle while human subjects reached towards peripheral targets. We tested the hypothesis that the transient visual response sweeps not only through the central nervous system, but also through the peripheral nervous system. Like the transient visual response in the central nervous system, stimulus-locked muscle responses (< 100 ms) were sensitive to stimulus contrast, and were temporally and spatially dissociable from voluntary orienting activity. Also, the arrival of visual responses reduced the variability of muscle activity by resetting the phase of ongoing low-frequency oscillations. This latter finding critically extends the emerging evidence that the feedforward visual sweep reduces neural variability via phase resetting. We conclude that, when sensory information is relevant to a particular effector, detailed information about the sensorimotor transformation, even from the earliest stages, is found in the peripheral nervous system.

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“…For instance, specification of a hand's path may not be an obligatory early planning step but could result indirectly from the transformation of target location to intrinsic kinematics (12,14). Indeed, cervical propriospinal and segmental locomotor circuits may play critical roles in organizing reaching movements (17). Indeed, cervical propriospinal and segmental locomotor circuits may play critical roles in organizing reaching movements (17).…”

Section: Behavioral Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several network robotics models predict that single output units form weighted connections that diverge onto different muscles (14,50). In this way, the transformation from the MI representation of movement to a single-muscle representation in the 20 MARCH 1992 spinal cord is partly embedded in the spatial geometry of corticospinal terminations (17,28,29). In this way, the transformation from the MI representation of movement to a single-muscle representation in the 20 MARCH 1992 spinal cord is partly embedded in the spatial geometry of corticospinal terminations (17,28,29).…”

Section: Neuronal Implementation Of Sensorimotor Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Cortical Mechanisms of Reaching Movements

Kalaska

Crammond

1992

Science

423

161

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Because reaching movements have a clear objective--to bring the hand to the spatial location of an object--they are well suited to study how the central nervous system plans a purposeful act from sensory input to motor output. Most models of movement planning propose a serial hierarchy of analytic steps. However, the central nervous system is organized into densely interconnected populations of neurons. This paradox between the apparent serial order of central nervous system function and its complex internal organization is strikingly demonstrated by recent behavioral, modeling, and neurophysiological studies of reaching movements.

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Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Extensive somatosensory and motor corticospinal sprouting occurs following a central dorsal column lesion in monkeys

Extensive somatosensory and motor corticospinal sprouting occurs following a central dorsal column lesion in monkeys

Transient visual responses reset the phase of low‐frequency oscillations in the skeletomotor periphery

Cerebral Cortical Mechanisms of Reaching Movements

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