Integration of DC Microgrids as Virtual Synchronous Machines Into the AC Grid

Dong, Chen; Yan, Xu; Huang, Alex Q.

doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2674621

Cited by 161 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In [93], a control scheme to integrate DC microgrids as virtual inertia emulating units in the traditional AC grid has been presented. With the control scheme, the resources within the DC microgrid can be dispatched as an ancillary service for inertial response.…”

Section: Virtual Inertia As An Ancillary Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concept can be extended to use data center resources for virtual inertia implementation. Virtual inertia based interfaces, as mentioned in [93], can be integrated with data center resources for frequency regulation. A unit commitment model that combines system inertia from the conventional plants, and the virtual inertia from wind plants into system scheduling has been presented in [96], which allows for an economic analysis of the virtual inertia system.…”

Section: Virtual Inertia As An Ancillary Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The modern power system is progressing from a synchronous machine-based system towards an inverter-dominated system, with large-scale penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) like wind and photovoltaics. RES units today represent a major share of the generation, and the traditional approach of integrating them as grid following units can lead to frequency instability. Many researchers have pointed towards using inverters with virtual inertia control algorithms so that they appear as synchronous generators to the grid, maintaining and enhancing system stability. This paper presents a literature review of the current state-of-the-art of virtual inertia implementation techniques, and explores potential research directions and challenges. The major virtual inertia topologies are compared and classified. Through literature review and simulations of some selected topologies it has been shown that similar inertial response can be achieved by relating the parameters of these topologies through time constants and inertia constants, although the exact frequency dynamics may vary slightly. The suitability of a topology depends on system control architecture and desired level of detail in replication of the dynamics of synchronous generators. A discussion on the challenges and research directions points out several research needs, especially for systems level integration of virtual inertia systems.

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Section: Virtual Inertia As An Ancillary Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virtual Inertia As An Ancillary Servicementioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions

et al. 2017

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“…These regulators are designed to emulate the behavior of classical synchronous generators with power converters associated to DG, ESSs, and loads connected to microgrids. In the literature, these techniques have been widely employed for diferent applications and are also known as virtual synchronous machines (VSMs) or synchronverters [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Following the main ac grid coniguration-where synchronous generators are directly connected-most of these techniques are usually employed for devices connected to ac microgrids.…”

Section: Lower-level Control Operation Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Mode-Adaptive Controls

Unamuno¹,

Barrena²

2017

Development and Integration of Microgrids

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The lack of inertial response at microgrids is usually compensated by coniguring primary controllers of converter-interfaced devices to contribute in the transient response under power disturbances. The main purpose of this chapter is to study the modes of operation of primary level techniques of generation, storage, loads, and other devices atached to hybrid ac/dc microgrids. Although the chapter includes an analysis of the modes of operation of lower-level regulators, the focus is on upper-level or primary controllers.In this context, we analyze mode-adaptive controls based on voltage and frequency levels and we evaluate their behavior by simulation in the Matlab/Simulink ® environment. The results demonstrate that mode-adaptive techniques are adequate for maximizing the energy extracted by distributed generation (DG) systems and limit demand side management actuations while ensuring an adequate regulation of the microgrid.

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“…Recently, considerable research has been proposed regarding virtual inertia control designs [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Reference [8] compared the dynamic characteristics of VSG and droop control methods to imitate inertia in the power system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference [10] designed the control method to substitute today's inherent inertia in European power system. Reference [11] proposed the integration of DC microgrids as virtual synchronous machines into the power system/utility grid. Reference [12] proposed model predictive control technique-based virtual inertia control to improve the stability performances of microgrids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Inertia Control Application to Enhance Frequency Stability of Interconnected Power Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration

2018

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Due to a rapid increase in the utilization of power converter-based renewable energy sources (RESs), the overall system inertia in an interconnected power system might be significantly reduced, increasing the vulnerability of the interconnected power system to the system instability. To overcome problems caused by the significant reduction in system inertia, this paper proposes a new application of virtual inertia control to improve frequency stability of the interconnected power system due to high penetration level of RESs. The derivative control technique is introduced for higher-level applications of virtual inertia emulation. Thus, the proposed virtual inertia control loop has a second-order characteristic, which provides a simultaneous enabling of damping and inertia emulations into the interconnected power system, enhancing frequency stability and resiliency. System modeling and simulation results are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink ® (R2016b, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA). Trajectory sensitivities are also performed to analyze the dynamic effects of virtual inertia control's parameters on the system stability. The effectiveness of the virtual inertia control concept on stability improvement is verified through a multi-area test system with high RESs penetration level for different contingencies.

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Integration of DC Microgrids as Virtual Synchronous Machines Into the AC Grid

Cited by 161 publications

References 22 publications

Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions

Virtual Inertia: Current Trends and Future Directions

Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid Mode-Adaptive Controls

Virtual Inertia Control Application to Enhance Frequency Stability of Interconnected Power Systems with High Renewable Energy Penetration

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